Multilocus sequence typing of clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from Cambodia.

Melioidosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Despite its increasing global public health and clinical significance, the molecular epidemiology of melioidosis and genetic diversity of B. pseudomallei in Cambodia remains poorly understood.

Bayesian accuracy estimates for diagnostic tests to detect tuberculosis in captive sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Cambodia and Vietnam.

Effective control of tuberculosis (TB) depends on early diagnosis of disease, yet available tests are unable to perfectly detect infected individuals. In novel hosts diagnostic testing methods for TB are extrapolated from other species, with unknown accuracy. The primary challenge to evaluating the accuracy of TB tests is the lack of a perfect reference test.

Colistin resistance in ESBL- and Carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Cambodia.

Objectives: Despite the critical importance of colistin as a last-resort antibiotic, limited studies have investigated colistin resistance in human infections in Cambodia. This study aimed to investigate the colistin resistance and its molecular determinants among Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing (CP) Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E.

Antibiotic resistance profiles of sentinel bacteria isolated from aquaculture in Cambodia.

The misuse of antibiotics and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern in the aquaculture industry because it contributes to global health risks and impacts the environment. This study analyzed the AMR of sentinel bacteria associated with striped catfish () and giant snakehead (), the two main fish species reared in the pond culture in Cambodia. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the recovered isolates from fish, water, and sediment samples revealed the presence of bacteria, such as 22 species belonging to families , , and .

Phylogenomic investigation of an outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant subsp. serovar Paratyphi A in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

In early 2020, the Medical Biology Laboratory of the Pasteur Institute of Cambodia isolated an unusually high number of fluoroquinolone-resistant subspecies serovar Paratyphi A strains during its routine bacteriological surveillance activities in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. A public-health investigation was supported by genome sequencing of these Paratyphi A strains to gain insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of a potential outbreak of fluoroquinolone-resistant paratyphoid fever. Comparative genomic and phylodynamic analyses revealed the 2020 strains were descended from a previously described 2013-2015 outbreak of Paratyphi A infections.

Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in hallux ulceration.

Introduction: Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes classical diphtheria. Skin infections by toxigenic or non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae are prevalent in the tropics but are rarely reported.

Case Presentation: We report the identification of a non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae (biovar Gravis) isolate in a 52-year-old Cambodian male.

Rapid Generation of In-House Serological Assays Is Comparable to Commercial Kits Critical for Early Response to Pandemics: A Case With SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: Accurate and sensitive measurement of antibodies is critical to assess the prevalence of infection, especially asymptomatic infection, and to analyze the immune response to vaccination during outbreaks and pandemics. A broad variety of commercial and in-house serological assays are available to cater to different laboratory requirements; however direct comparison is necessary to understand utility.

Materials And Methods: We investigate the performance of six serological methods against SARS-CoV-2 to determine the antibody profile of 250 serum samples, including 234 RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, the majority with asymptomatic presentation (87.

Resistance to Second-Line Anti-TB Drugs in Cambodia: A Phenotypic and Genetic Study.

Background: Due to the emergence of (M.tb) clinical isolates resistant to most potent first-line drugs (FLD), second-line drugs (SLD) are being prescribed more frequently. We explore the genetic characteristics and molecular mechanisms of M.

Evaluation of Loopamp Assay for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Cambodia.

The Loopamp™ MTBC kit (TB-LAMP) is recommended by WHO for complex detection in low-income countries with a still low drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) rate. This study is aimed at testing its feasibility in Cambodia on sputa collected from presumptive tuberculosis patients. 499 samples were tested at a smear microscopy center and 200 at a central-level mycobacteriology laboratory.

Isolation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Southeast Asian and African Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Children With Suspected Tuberculosis.

Unlabelled: We enrolled 427 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children (median age, 7.3 years), 59.2% severely immunodeficient, with suspected tuberculosis in Southeast Asian and African settings.

Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and Alternative Specimen Collection Methods for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Children.

Background: The diagnosis of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children is challenging. We assessed the performance of alternative specimen collection methods for tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-infected children using Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert).

Methods: HIV-infected children aged ≤13 years with suspected intrathoracic tuberculosis were enrolled in 8 hospitals in Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, and Vietnam.

Acute lower respiratory infections on lung sequelae in Cambodia, a neglected disease in highly tuberculosis-endemic country.

Background: Little is known about post-infectious pulmonary sequelae in countries like Cambodia where tuberculosis is hyper-endemic and childhood pulmonary infections are highly frequent. We describe the characteristics of hospitalized Cambodian patients presenting with community-acquired acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) on post-infectious pulmonary sequelae (ALRIPS).

Methods: Between 2007 and 2010, inpatients ≥15 years with ALRI were prospectively recruited.