Mechanistic insights into hyperuricemia-associated renal abnormalities with special emphasis on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Pathologic implications and putative pharmacologic targets.

Though the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia-induced renal complications is not precisely known, hyperuricemia has been recognized as an independent risk factor for renal disease. While the clinical implication of hyperuricemia in renal disease has been a contemporary topic of debate, growing body of bench and clinical evidences certainly suggest a causative role of high uric acid in renal abnormalities by implicating diverse pathologic and molecular mechanisms. Urate crystals after having deposited in the kidney could cause hyperuricemia nephropathy leading to glomerular hypertrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, while high serum uric acid might predict progressive renal damage and dysfunction.

Molecular targets of fenofibrate in the cardiovascular-renal axis: A unifying perspective of its pleiotropic benefits.

The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a key pharmacological drug target for dyslipidemic management. Dyslipidemia is associated with abnormal serum lipid profiles viz. elevated total cholesterol, high triglyceride, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Effect of edaravone in diabetes mellitus-induced nephropathy in rats.

Edaravone, a synthetic-free radical scavenger, has been reported to reduce ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury by improving tubular cell function, and lowering serum creatinine and renal vascular resistance. The present study investigated the effect of edaravone in diabetes mellitus-induced nephropathy in rats. A single administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg, i.

Evidences of hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruits in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.

The objective of present study was to explore the hepatoprotective and antioxidant profile of Citrullus colocynthis fruits. Hepatoprotective profile of methanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruits (MECCF) was investigated on rats, which were made hepatotoxic using paracetamol. The antioxidant profile of MECCF was evaluated by conducting Catalase, Super oxide Dismutase, Lipid Peroxidation and Diphenyl Picryl Hydrazyl tests.

A step ahead of PPARγ full agonists to PPARγ partial agonists: therapeutic perspectives in the management of diabetic insulin resistance.

Described since long as a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) regulate the gene expression of proteins involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. PPARs indeed regulate several physiologic processes, including lipid homeostasis, adipogenesis, inflammation, and wound healing. PPARs bind natural or synthetic PPAR ligands can function as cellular sensors to regulate the gene transcription.

Simple and effective HPLC method development and its validation for Clindipine in human drug free plasma.

Simple and effective high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for estimation of Clindipine in drug free human drug free blank plasma. The internal standard used as Nifidipine (IS). The current method was used protein precipitating extraction of Clindipine from blank plasma.

Knowledge about the availability of the pharmacist in the Nuclear Medicine Department: A questionnaire-based study among health-care professionals.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the knowledge about the availability of the pharmacist in the nuclear medicine department among health-care professionals through a prospective cohort study.

Methods: A total of 741 health-care professionals participated in the study by answering 10 simple questions about the role of the pharmacist in the nuclear medicine department and the availability of pharmacist in the nuclear medicine department. An online questionnaire system was used to conduct the study, and participants were invited to participate through personal communications and by promoting the study through social websites including Facebook, LinkedIn and Google (including Gmail and Google+).

Evaluation of sub-chronic toxic effects of petroleum ether, a laboratory solvent in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background: In general, organic solvents are inhibiting many physiological enzymes and alter the behavioural functions, but the available scientific knowledge on laboratory solvent induced organ specific toxins are very limited. Hence, the present study was planned to determine the sub-chronic toxic effects of petroleum ether (boiling point 40-60°C), a laboratory solvent in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Materials And Methods: The SD rats were divided into three different groups viz.

Fenofibrate and dipyridamole treatments in low-doses either alone or in combination blunted the development of nephropathy in diabetic rats.

Low-doses of fenofibrate and dipyridamole have pleiotropic renoprotective actions in diabetic rats. This study investigated their combined effect relative to their individual treatments and lisinopril in rats with diabetic nephropathy. Streptozotocin (55mg/kg, i.

Polyherbal formulation: Concept of ayurveda.

Ayurveda is one of the traditional medicinal systems of Indian. The philosophy behind Ayurveda is preventing unnecessary suffering and living a long healthy life. Ayurveda involves the use of natural elements to eliminate the root cause of the disease by restoring balance, at the same time create a healthy life-style to prevent the recurrence of imbalance.

Classical and pleiotropic actions of dipyridamole: Not enough light to illuminate the dark tunnel?

Dipyridamole is a platelet inhibitor indicated for the secondary prevention of transient ischemic attack. It inhibits the enzyme phosphodiesterase, elevates cAMP and cGMP levels and prevents platelet aggregation. Dipyridamole inhibits the cellular uptake of adenosine into red blood cells, platelets and endothelial cells that results in increased extracellular availability of adenosine, leading to modulation of cardiovascular function.

Dapagliflozin: glucuretic action and beyond.

Diabetes mellitus is a greatly challenging disease of the 21 century, and the mortality rate due to this insidious disease is increasing worldwide in spite of availability of effective oral hypoglycemic agents. Satisfactory management of glycemic control in patients afflicted with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a major clinical challenge. Identification of potential pharmacological target sites is therefore continuing as an integral part of the diabetic research.

Solid-state characterization studies and effect of PEG 20000 and P90G on particle size reduction and stability of complexed glimepiride nanocrystals.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to formulate and characterize the properties of complexed glimepiride nanocrystals (GLP) by various techniques at different stages of its development, and to study the effect of PEG 20000 and P90G on particle size reduction and stability of nanocrystals.

Method: Precipitated (GLP-PEG) and complexed NCs (GLP-PEG-P90G) of glimepiride were characterized for particle size, size distribution, zeta potential and stability assessment using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The crystallinity was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction spectroscopy (XRPD).

Cardiovascular pleiotropic actions of DPP-4 inhibitors: a step at the cutting edge in understanding their additional therapeutic potentials.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease enzyme expressed widely in many tissues, including the cardiovascular system. The incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are released from the small intestine into the vasculature during a meal, and these incretins have a potential to release insulin from pancreatic beta cells of islets of Langerhans, affording a glucose-lowering action. However, both incretins are hurriedly degraded by the DPP-4.

QSAR study of substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole naphthyridines as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.

A linear quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model is presented for modeling and predicting the inhibition of HIV-1 integrase. The model was produced by using the stepwise multiple linear regression technique on a database that consists of 67 recently discovered 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituted naphthyridine derivatives. The developed QSAR model was evaluated for statistical significance and predictive power.