The Transatlantic Recommendations for Prostate Gland Evaluation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Focal Therapy (TARGET): A Systematic Review and International Consensus Recommendations.

Background And Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect recurrences after focal therapy for prostate cancer but there is no robust guidance regarding its use. Our objective was to produce consensus recommendations on MRI acquisition, interpretation, and reporting after focal therapy.

Methods: A systematic review was performed in July 2022 to develop consensus statements.

Development and Evaluation of Machine Learning in Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Metastases in Patients With Lung or Colon Cancer: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study.

Objectives: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) has been demonstrated to be efficient and cost-effective for cancer staging. The study aim was to develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm to improve radiologists' sensitivity and specificity for metastasis detection and reduce reading times.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 438 prospectively collected WB-MRI scans from multicenter Streamline studies (February 2013-September 2016) was undertaken.

An Evaluation of Screening Pathways Using a Combination of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Prostate-specific Antigen: Results from the IP1-PROSTAGRAM Study.

Background: The use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing to screen for prostate cancer has been fraught with under- and overdiagnosis. Short, noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might detect more grade group ≥2 cancers with similar rates of biopsy.

Objective: To evaluate strategies that combined PSA and MRI to select men based in the community for a prostate biopsy.

Perceived patient burden and acceptability of MRI in comparison to PSA and ultrasound: results from the IP1-PROSTAGRAM study.

Background: The IP1-PROSTAGRAM study showed that a short, non-contrast MRI detected more significant cancers with similar rates of biopsy compared to PSA. Herein, we compare the expected and perceived burden of PSA, MRI and ultrasound as screening tests.

Methods: IP1-PROSTAGRAM was a prospective, population-based, paired screening study of 408 men conducted at seven UK primary care practices and two imaging centres.

Direct mail from primary care and targeted recruitment strategies achieved a representative uptake of prostate cancer screening.

Background And Objectives: Prostate cancer screening studies has previously not been able to reflect a diverse group of participants. We evaluated a range of recruitment strategies and their ability to recruit from the Black population and areas of deprivation.

Methods: IP1-PROSTAGRAM was a prospective, population-based, paired screening study of 408 participants conducted at seven UK primary care practices and two imaging centres.

Audit of cancer yields after prostate MRI using both the PI-RADS version 2 and Likert scoring systems.

Aim: To audit diagnostic yields of the updated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-directed prostate cancer diagnostic service according to Prostate Imaging - Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 and Likert assessments, comparing outcomes of the two scoring systems.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive men with suspected cancer undergoing prostate MRI were included. Biopsy rates and histological diagnostic yields of all and International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group (ISUP GG) ≥2 cancers according to PI-RADS and Likert assessment categories were documented and outcomes compared.

PROState Pathway Embedded Comparative Trial: The IP3-PROSPECT study.

Introduction: The traditional double blind RCT is the 'gold standard' trial design. For a variety of reasons, these designs often fail to accrue enough participants to conclude. This is particularly challenging in localized prostate cancer.

Population-Based Prostate Cancer Screening With Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Ultrasonography: The IP1-PROSTAGRAM Study.

Importance: Screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing can lead to problems of underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis. Short, noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or transrectal ultrasonography might overcome these limitations.

Objective: To compare the performance of PSA testing, MRI, and ultrasonography as screening tests for prostate cancer.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of biparametric prostate MRI for prostate cancer in men at risk.

Introduction: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), the use of three multiple imaging sequences, typically T2-weighted, diffusion weighted (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) images, has a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting significant cancer. Current guidance now recommends its use prior to biopsy. However, the impact of DCE is currently under debate regarding test accuracy.

Diagnostic yields in patients with suspected prostate cancer undergoing MRI as the first-line investigation in routine practice.

Aim: To document cancer yields of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-directed biopsies in men with suspected prostate cancer referred to secondary care.

Materials And Methods: Men with suspected cancer undergoing multiparametric prostate MRI as the first-line investigation were included in the present study. Systematic transrectal prostate biopsies with/without cognitive targeted biopsies were performed.

Rethinking prostate cancer screening: could MRI be an alternative screening test?

In the past decade rigorous debate has taken place about population-based screening for prostate cancer. Although screening by serum PSA levels can reduce prostate cancer-specific mortality, it is unclear whether the benefits outweigh the risks of false-positive results and overdiagnosis of insignificant prostate cancer, and it is not recommended for population-based screening. MRI screening for prostate cancer has the potential to be analogous to mammography for breast cancer or low-dose CT for lung cancer.

Review article: MRI-targeted biopsies for prostate cancer diagnosis and management.

Purpose: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy has been the traditional biopsy route in the detection of prostate cancer. However, due to concern regarding overdetection of low-risk cancer and missed clinically significant cancers as well as risk of sepsis, alternative approaches have been explored. Transperineal template biopsy-sampling the gland every 5 m to 10 mm-reduces error by sampling the whole prostate but increases risk of detecting clinically insignificant cancers as well as conferring risks of side effects such as urinary retention and bleeding.

Patterns of disease progression in patients with local and metastatic breast cancer as evaluated by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Patterns of progressive disease (PD) in patients with local and metastatic sites of breast cancer are poorly described. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) identifies PD earlier than CT.

Methods: Thirty-one patients receiving first-line systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) were studied.

Baseline Multiparametric MRI for Selection of Prostate Cancer Patients Suitable for Active Surveillance: Which Features Matter?

Introduction: Increasing evidence has supported the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for the detection of prostate cancer. However, its role in selecting patients clinically suitable for active surveillance (AS) is still in development. We aimed to find relevant mpMRI features that might be helpful for refinement of the selection of low-risk prostate cancer patients for AS.

Stage T3a renal cell carcinoma: staging accuracy of CT for sinus fat, perinephric fat or renal vein invasion.

Objective: To study the accuracy of CT for staging T3a (TNM 2009) renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: Unenhanced and nephrographic phase CT studies of 117 patients (male:female = 82:35; age range, 21-86 years) with T1-T3a RCC were independently reviewed by 2 readers. The presence of sinus or perinephric fat, or renal vein invasion and tumour characteristics were noted.

Dual-energy CT for imaging of pulmonary hypertension: challenges and opportunities.

Computed tomography (CT) is routinely used in the evaluation of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) to assess vascular anatomy and parenchymal morphology. The introduction of dual-energy CT (DECT) enables additional qualitative and quantitative insights into pulmonary hemodynamics and the extent and variability of parenchymal enhancement. Lung perfusion assessed at pulmonary blood volume imaging correlates well with findings at scintigraphy, and pulmonary blood volume defects seen in pulmonary embolism studies infer occlusive disease with increased risk of right heart dysfunction.

Imaging in the follow-up of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the follow-up strategies used after treatment or for active surveillance of renal cell cancer and to describe the normal posttreatment findings and the distribution and the signs of relapsed disease.

Conclusion: Imaging follow-up protocols should be tailored according to the clinical scenario. Further experience is necessary to better refine imaging strategies, especially regarding follow-up of patients after thermal ablation or antiangiogenic therapy and those being maintained on active surveillance.

Bladder cancer: evaluation of staging accuracy using dynamic MRI.

Aim: To assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in staging bladder cancer and to assess whether dynamic gadolinium-enhanced sequences have any added benefit in staging.

Materials And Methods: Over a 22 month period, the MRI findings of 100 consecutive patients with histologically proven transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder were reviewed. The T stage was assessed independently on T2-weighted imaging alone and in combination with gadolinium-enhanced MRI.

Role of whole-body staging computed tomographic scans for detecting distant metastases in patients with bladder cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to establish the incidence of distant metastases on whole-body computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer and to determine whether there is a significant difference in the incidence of metastases in patients with superficial and muscle invasive cancers.

Materials And Methods: A total of 201 patients who had a proven histological diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and a whole-body staging CT scan at diagnosis were identified from our MDT database during a 36-month period. Imaging was retrospectively reviewed with view to recording site, if any, of distant metastases.

Intravenous urography for diagnosing synchronous upper-tract tumours in patients with newly diagnosed bladder carcinoma can be restricted to patients with high-risk superficial disease.

Aim: To determine the incidence of synchronous upper-tract transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) in patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer and to evaluate the need for performing intravenous urography (IVU) in these patients.

Materials And Methods: Imaging data on 330 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with TCC of the bladder over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Only 233 out of the 330 patients had IVU at presentation.