Reducing the workload of medical diagnosis through artificial intelligence: A narrative review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized medical diagnostics by enhancing efficiency, improving accuracy, and reducing variability. By alleviating the workload of medical staff, AI addresses challenges such as increasing diagnostic demands, workforce shortages, and reliance on subjective interpretation. This review examines the role of AI in reducing diagnostic workload and enhancing efficiency across medical fields from January 2019 to February 2024, identifying limitations and areas for improvement.

Effects of Hot Water Extract and Oregonin on Muscle Loss and Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Murine Skeletal Muscle Cells.

Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function, increases in mortality rate, and risk of comorbidities in the elderly. This study evaluated the effects of hot water extract (AJHW) and its active compound, oregonin, on muscle atrophy and apoptosis in vitro. AJHW underwent phytochemical analysis.

Leisure participation and mental health among middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities: a systematic review.

Purpose: To examine the effects of leisure participation on mental health for middle-aged and older adults with physical disabilities.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review conducted in March-May 2022 with an updated search in February 2024 retrieved data from MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria included a study population with a mean age ≥45 years and with physical disability, and original, peer-reviewed literature.

Effects of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy on lung function in stroke: a network meta-analysis.

Background: The efficacy of various physiotherapy interventions for improving lung function has not been compared.

Objectives: To evaluate cardiorespiratory physiotherapy interventions on lung function in patients with stroke, prioritize intervention types, and establish hierarchy.

Methods: Twelve randomized controlled trials published during 2000-2022 in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were selected.

Synergistic combination of perphenazine and temozolomide suppresses patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), a primary malignant brain tumor, has a poor prognosis, even with standard treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study, we explored the anticancer effects of the synergistic combination of perphenazine (PER), a dopamine receptor D2/3 (DRD2/3) antagonist, and temozolomide (TMZ), a standard treatment for GBM, in patient-derived human GBM tumorspheres (TSs).

Methods: The biological effects of the combination of PER and TMZ in GBM TSs were assessed by measuring cell viability, ATP, stemness, invasiveness, and apoptosis.

Optimization of an autaptic culture system for studying cholinergic synapses in sympathetic ganglia.

An autaptic synapse (or 'autapse') is a functional connection between a neuron and itself, commonly used in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic transmission and plasticity in central neurons. Most previous studies on autonomic synaptic functions have relied on spontaneous connections among neurons in mass cultures. However, growing evidence supports the utility of microcultures cultivating autaptic neurons for examining cholinergic transmission within sympathetic ganglia.

Reliability of brain volume measures of accelerated 3D T1-weighted images with deep learning-based reconstruction.

Purpose: The time-intensive nature of acquiring 3D T1-weighted MRI and analyzing brain volumetry limits quantitative evaluation of brain atrophy. We explore the feasibility and reliability of deep learning-based accelerated MRI scans for brain volumetry.

Methods: This retrospective study collected 3D T1-weighted data using 3T from 42 participants for the simulated acceleration dataset and 48 for the validation dataset.

Spring toy-inspired soft robots with electrohydraulic actuators.

Toys are useful resources for structural inspiration in science and engineering. Their fascinating structures provide new strategies for robotics, particularly in overcoming challenging obstacles and increasing adaptability to unstructured environments. Recent advances in actuators made of soft materials have enabled robots to exhibit safer and more adaptive behaviors during locomotion.

The long-lasting benefits of pre-kindergarten education on autistic children's working memory development.

Working memory is an important skill for school success, and it involves holding information in our memory while using it to solve complex problems. However, autistic children often have difficulties with working memory tasks. Also, kindergarteners on the autism spectrum tend to be less school-ready compared with their peers.

Fluorogenic Aptamer Optimizations on a Massively Parallel Sequencing Platform.

F luorogenic ap tamers (FAPs) have become an increasingly important tool in cellular sensing and pathogen diagnostics. However, fine-tuning FAPs for enhanced performance remains challenging even with the structural details provided by X-ray crystallography. Here we present a novel approach to optimize a DNA-based FAP (D-FAP), Lettuce, on repurposed Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) chips.

A study on the relationship between purchases of meal kits and home meal replacements.

Background/objectives: Meal kits and home meal replacements (HMRs) are rapidly growing segments in the convenience food industry. Consequently, numerous studies have examined consumer perceptions of HMR and meal kits, respectively. HMR is an established segment, while meal kits are a recent category.

Assessing eating ability and mealtime behaviors of persons living with dementia: A systematic review of instruments.

This systematic review aimed to describe the characteristics of instruments that assess eating ability and/or mealtime behaviors in persons living with dementia, and evaluate their psychometric properties. Five databases were searched for relevant records between 1/1/1980 and 5/25/2023. Records included instruments assessing eating ability and/or mealtime behaviors of people with dementia.

Effect of illite pretreatment on germinated Brown rice with Special Reference to amino acids, antioxidants, texture, and mineral elements.

The pretreatment process of various foods has been reported to improve their nutritional properties. The soaking of brown rice improves the texture and nutrients, which are crucial for cooking and maintaining its high functional value. Illite, a clay mineral, has recently been discovered to improve the nutritional value of seeds.

Multi-System-Level Analysis Reveals Differential Expression of Stress Response-Associated Genes in Inflammatory Solar Lentigo.

Although the pathogenesis of solar lentigo (SL) involves chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure, cellular senescence, and upregulated melanogenesis, underlying molecular-level mechanisms associated with SL remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene regulatory mechanisms intimately linked to inflammation in SL. Skin samples from patients with SL with or without histological inflammatory features were obtained.

Introduction of extraperitoneal tunneling method: a way to secure the drain tube in the pelvic cavity after proctectomy.

The effectiveness of closed drainage tube insertion after low anterior resection has been controversial. We believe that drain tube displacement, which occurs up to 35% in real clinical practice, reduces the effectiveness of the drain tube. We report in this video a simple way to secure the drain tube in the pelvic cavity after low anterior resection and introduce a case that used the drain fixation method and treated anastomotic leakage without interventional procedure.

Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the upright head roll test for lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Background: The upright head roll test (UHRT) is a recently introduced diagnostic maneuver for lateral semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (LSC-BPPV).

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the UHRT.

Methods: Two separate studies were conducted.

Communication Patterns and Characteristics of Family Caregivers and Persons Living With Dementia: Secondary Analysis of Video Observation.

Background: It is essential to characterize communication patterns for better health outcomes for family caregivers and persons living with dementia.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationships between communication patterns and the characteristics of dyads of family caregivers and persons living with dementia.

Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using 75 video-recorded home care observations from 19 dyads.

Changes in the expression of satellite glial cell-specific markers during postnatal development of rat sympathetic ganglia.

The sympathetic ganglia represent a final motor pathway that mediates homeostatic "fight and flight" responses in the visceral organs. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) form a thin envelope close to the neuronal cell body and synapses in the sympathetic ganglia. This unique morphological feature suggests that neurons and SGCs form functional units for regulation of sympathetic output.

Towards a dynamic, comprehensive conceptualization of dyslexia.

Here we build from the central strength of the existing definition of dyslexia-its emphasis on neurobiological origins-and proffer a set of seven core principles for a new, more comprehensive conceptualization of dyslexia. These principles derive from two major research directions: (1) the still evolving history of attempts to explain dyslexia, including in varied writing systems; and (2) the study of the reading brain circuit, its development, and its genetic and environmental influences. What emerges from connecting these two directions is a dynamic conceptualization of dyslexia that incorporates the extensive research on the heterogeneity of dyslexia and the interdependent contributions of multiple biological and socio-cultural risk and preventive factors.

Comparison of posttreatment stability after total mandibular arch distalization with mini-implants and mandibular setback surgery.

Objectives: To compare posttreatment stability in skeletal Class III patients between those treated by total mandibular arch distalization (TMAD) with buccal mini-implants and those by mandibular setback surgery (MSS).

Materials And Methods: The samples included 40 Class III adults, 20 treated by TMAD using buccal interradicular mini-implants and 20 treated with MSS. Lateral cephalograms were taken at pretreatment, posttreatment, and at least 1-year follow-up, and 24 variables were compared using statistical analysis.

Store-operated calcium entry in the satellite glial cells of rat sympathetic ganglia.

Satellite glial cells (SGCs), a major type of glial cell in the autonomic ganglia, closely envelop the cell body and even the synaptic regions of a single neuron with a very narrow gap. This structurally unique organization suggests that autonomic neurons and SGCs may communicate reciprocally. Glial Ca signaling is critical for controlling neural activity.

Bi-allelic genetic variants in the translational GTPases GTPBP1 and GTPBP2 cause a distinct identical neurodevelopmental syndrome.

The homologous genes GTPBP1 and GTPBP2 encode GTP-binding proteins 1 and 2, which are involved in ribosomal homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in GTPBP2 were recently shown to be an ultra-rare cause of neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Until now, no human phenotype has been linked to GTPBP1.