Lysophosphatidylcholine exerts an anti-skin photoaging effect via heat shock protein 70 induction.

Objective: Skin-brightening agents prevent melanogenesis and reduce melanin production. However, a lower melanin content leads to weaker protection against sunlight. In this study, we evaluated the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and its commercial-grade product, Lysofix Dry™ (LD), on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in epidermal cells and their anti-skin photoaging effect against ultraviolet B (UVB) and blue light.

Enhancement of exfoliating efficacy of L-carnitine with ion-pair method monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Carnitine (CAR), an amino acid derivative, has great potential as a facial exfoliating agent owing to its calcium chelating property under weakly acidic or neutral conditions. However, its application is limited by its poor transdermal penetration. To optimise its exfoliation efficacy with minimal concentration, we propose the ion-pair method.

Amino acids disrupt calcium-dependent adhesion of stratum corneum.

In the stratum corneum, the intercellular junction made up of cadherin proteins provides the structural integrity of the framework. Ca2+ ions are known to play a key role in maintaining this junction. In this study, we hypothesized that Ca2+ chelation in stratum corneum will weaken the bond of the tissue and consequently promote exfoliation.