Effectiveness of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet program for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial in South Korea.

Introduction: Weight-loss strategies through meal replacements are effective and sustainable options. However, few studies have assessed their effects on weight loss including body composition through protein-supplemented meal replacements targeting the Asian population, including Koreans. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet (PSVLCD) for weight reduction and changes in body composition in individuals with obesity over a 12-month long-term period.

Health-related quality of life at age 10 years in children born extremely preterm.

Objective: To evaluate the association between prenatal maternal health and socioeconomic status (SES) and health-related quality of life (QoL) among 10-year-old children born extremely preterm.

Design/ Methods: Retrospective analysis of the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study cohort of infants born < 28 weeks gestational age. QoL was assessed at 10 years of age using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory.

Association of Combining Diet and Physical Activity on Sarcopenia and Obesity in Elderly Koreans with Diabetes.

This study aimed to identify the combined factors of physical activity and diet associated with non-sarcopenic non-obese status in 1586 diabetic patients aged ≥65 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016 to 2019). Participants were categorized into non-sarcopenic non-obesity (NSNO), sarcopenia non-obesity (SNO), non-sarcopenic obesity (NSO), and sarcopenic obesity (SO) groups. NSNO had lower insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides compared to NSO and SO.

Social determinants of health rather than race impact health-related quality of life in 10-year-old children born extremely preterm.

Background: Reducing healthcare disparities among children is extremely important given the potential impact of these disparities on long-term health-related quality of life (HRQL). Race and parental socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with child HRQL, but these associations have not been studied in infants born extremely preterm (EP), a population at increased risk for physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments. Achieving health equity for infants born EP across their life course requires identifying the impact of racism and SES on HRQL.

Editorial: Placing Parenting in Context: Neighborhood Crime, Early Brain Development, and Socioemotional Outcomes.

The past decade has seen scientific advances that have provided an unprecedented window into the earliest years of human brain development. These discoveries have corroborated what many have long hypothesized: the human brain does not develop in isolation, but through close interactions with its environment. Evidence converges to support the critical importance of the parent-child relationship-the immediate caregiving environment that comprises foundational building blocks of the child's early socioemotional development.

Neural correlates of altered emotional responsivity to infant stimuli in mothers who use substances.

Mothers who use substances during pregnancy and postpartum may have altered maternal behavior towards their infants, which can have negative consequences on infant social-emotional development. Since maternal substance use has been associated with difficulties in recognizing and responding to infant emotional expressions, investigating mothers' subjective responses to emotional infant stimuli may provide insight into the neural and psychological processes underlying these differences in maternal behavior. In this study, 39 mothers who used substances during the perinatal period and 42 mothers who did not underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing infant faces and hearing infant cries.

Editorial: A Window Into Early Brain Development: Early Parenting Shapes the Amygdala-Prefrontal Circuitry Development.

The mammalian brain develops in an intensely social context, with parents typically providing a primary source of early stimulation and regulation for the infant. Across species, patterns of the infant's early interaction with the first social partner-the parent-prospectively predict a wide range of developmental outcomes. Although animal models have paved the way toward understanding how postnatal social interactions affect neurodevelopment and translate into stable patterns of developmental outcomes, the research on corresponding mechanisms in humans is still in its nascent stage because of methodological and ethical challenges.

Nutritional Intervention for a Patient With Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for sustained weight reduction, and it can result in substantial improvements in the severity of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and quality of life. However, sleeve gastrectomy, a weight loss surgery that removes two-thirds of the stomach, reduces appetite and nutrient absorption, impairing digestion and the absorption of nutrients like iron, vitamin B, and protein-bound nutrients. This case study aims to demonstrate that patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy require long-term and periodic monitoring of biochemical data, weight changes, and caloric and protein intake by a professional nutritionist to prevent malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies.

How Does the Frequency of Eating-Alone among Older People in Korea Affect Their Health and Dietary Behavior?

This study examined the relationship between general population characteristics and diet-related factors pertaining to eating alone for older adults (65 years and older) in Korea. This study used the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2016-2020, and the target population was 7037 Koreans aged 65 years or older who participated in the nutritional survey and health interview. Eating alone variables were classified as follows.

What Is the Relationship between the Chewing Ability and Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Korea?

This study aims to determine the relationship between chewing ability and the nutritional status of the elderly in Korea. This study utilized the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted from 2013-2018 for persons who were ≥65 years of age. Of the 7835 subjects, 43.

Perinatal Factors and Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral Dysregulation in Childhood and Adolescence.

Objective: This cohort study assessed perinatal factors known to be related to maternal and neonatal inflammation and hypothesized that several would be associated with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dysregulation in youth.

Method: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) is a research consortium of 69 pediatric longitudinal cohorts. A subset of 18 cohorts that had both Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) data on children (6-18 years) and information on perinatal exposures including maternal prenatal infections was used.

Efficacy of fermented grain using in reducing visceral fat among people with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Obesity is a socioeconomic problem, and visceral obesity, in particular, is related to cardiovascular diseases or metabolic syndrome. Fermented grains and various microorganisms are known to help with anti-obesity effects and weight management. Studies on the relationship between and anti-obesity effects are not well known, and studies on the application of fermented grains and microorganisms to the human body are also insufficient.

How Much Does Plant Food (Fruits and Vegetables) Intake Affect the Prevention of Periodontal Disease in the Korean Elderly?

This study, as part of a study on the dietary lives of elderly people, investigates the association between plant food (fruit + non-starchy vegetable) intake and the prevention of periodontal disease among elderly people aged over 65 years. A total of 4514 subjects over 65 years of age participated in a dental survey, health behavior interview, and 24 h dietary recall test for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects with energy intake of less than 500 kcal or more than 5000 kcal were excluded.

Association of prenatal modifiable risk factors with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder outcomes at age 10 and 15 in an extremely low gestational age cohort.

Background: The increased risk of developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in extremely preterm infants is well-documented. Better understanding of perinatal risk factors, particularly those that are modifiable, can inform prevention efforts.

Methods: We examined data from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study.

Parenting and addictions: Current insights from human neuroscience.

Purpose: A growing body of human research has documented associations between the maternal brain and maternal substance use and addictions. This neuroscience-informed approach affords the opportunity to unpack potential neurobiological mechanisms that may underscore challenges in maternal caregiving behavior among mothers with addictions and provide new directions for parenting interventions.

Findings: Consistent with theoretical models of parenting and addictions, five studies evidence both hypo- and hyper-reactivity to infant affective cues across neuroimaging methods and tasks that incorporate both infant face and cry stimuli.

Psychiatric Outcomes, Functioning, and Participation in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns at Age 15 Years.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, co-occurrence, sex differences, and functional correlates of DSM-5 psychiatric disorders in 15-year-old adolescents born extremely preterm.

Method: The Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study is a longitudinal study of children born <28 weeks gestation. At age 15, 670 adolescents completed the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), the Youth Self-Report, a disability scale of participation in social roles, and cognitive testing.

Fruit Intake and Changes of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in People with Obesity.

Background: This study aimed to explore the relationship between fruit intake, changes in fruit intake, and changes in cardiometabolic factors in people with obesity.

Methods: A total of 21,270 subjects (8,718 men, 12,552 women) aged 40 years and over, from the Korean-based Genome and Epidemiology Study, were followed up for an average of 4.4 years.

One Year Into the Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Mental Health Outcomes During COVID-19.

Obstetric guidelines have rapidly evolved to incorporate new data and research on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with data on perinatal mental health building over the last year. Our aim in the present manuscript is to provide a systematic review of mental health outcomes in pregnant and postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of neonatal and obstetric guidelines addressing symptoms and complications of COVID-19 during pregnancy, mother-to-neonate transmission, Cesarean-section delivery, neonatal prematurity, maternal/neonate mortalities, maternal-neonatal separation, and breastfeeding. We summarize data from 81 mental health studies of pregnant and postpartum women and underscore protective and risk factors identified for perinatal mental health outcomes amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Trends and Dietary Assessment According to Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Korean Elderly People: Analysis Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998, 2008, and 2018.

The study aimed to examine the 20-year trends in fruit and non-starch/unsalted vegetable intake among the Korean elderly aged 65 years or older based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. A total of 3722 elderly citizens aged 65 years or older who participated in the dietary survey (24-h recall of dietary intake) of the 1998, 2008, and 2018 NHANES were selected as the subjects of this study. Fruit and non-starchy/unsalted vegetable intake increased by approximately 86.

Dietary Assessment and Factors According to Fruits and Vegetables Intake in Korean Elderly People: Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018.

This study analyzed dietary assessment and factors according to fruits and vegetables intake in Korean elderly people. We enrolled 8336 Korean elderly people aged ≥65 who participated in the dietary intake survey (24-h recall methods) of the 2013-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANES). The intake of fruits and unsalted/non-starchy vegetables was 372.

Inhalation of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate adversely affect sperm function.

Among the components of air pollution in developing countries and Asia, (NH)SO and NHNO are known as major water-soluble in-organic compounds that cause particulate matter. Several researchers have been reported that the (NH)SO and NHNO induce abnormal decreases in body weight, as well as pneumotoxic, and immunotoxic. Moreover, while it has been reported that (NH)SO and NHNO have detrimental effects on reproduction, specific effects on male fertility have not been addressed in depth.

Vanadium adversely affects sperm motility and capacitation status via protein kinase A activity and tyrosine phosphorylation.

Vanadium is a chemical element that enters the atmosphere via anthropogenic pollution. Exposure to vanadium affects cancer development and can result in toxic effects. Multiple studies have focused on vanadium's detrimental effect on male reproduction using conventional sperm analysis techniques.

Detrimental effects of temephos on male fertility: An in vitro study on a mouse model.

The World Health Organization recommends temephos as a nonsystemic organophosphorus pesticide due to its low mammalian toxicity compared with other chemical compounds. Although several studies have reported that temephos may be toxic under certain conditions, little research effort has been made to evaluate its effects on mammalian fertility. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of temephos on sperm functions and male fertility.