GeSbSeTe-based high extinction ratio optical modulator.

In this paper, a design for a high extinction ratio Mach-Zehnder optical modulator is proposed. The switchable refractive index of the germanium-antimony-selenium-tellurium (GSST) phase change material is employed to induce destructive interference between the waves passing through Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) arms and to realize amplitude modulation. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, asymmetric input splitter is designed for the MZI to compensate for unwanted amplitude differences between MZI arms and increase the modulator performance.

High-performance Mach-Zehnder modulator using tailored plasma dispersion effects in an ITO/graphene-based waveguide.

A high-performance electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with outstanding characteristics is proposed. The MZM is in a push-pull configuration that is constructed using an ITO/graphene-based silicon waveguide. A novel idea for engineering of the plasma dispersion effect in an ITO/graphene-based waveguide is proposed so that the modulation characteristics of the MZM are highly improved.

Efficient binary and QAM optical modulation in ultra-compact MZI structures utilizing indium-tin-oxide.

A design for a CMOS-compatible active waveguide is proposed in which the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) property of the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) is used to induce large variations in the real and imaginary parts of the waveguide effective index. The proposed waveguide comprises a TiN/HfO/ITO metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure where the speed and power consumption are significantly improved by the application of the TiN and realization of double accumulation layers in the ITO. Simulations show the insertion loss (IL) of 0.

Design and numerical analysis of a high-performance optical modulator based on Si-VO Bragg grating waveguide.

Design and numerical characterization of a high-performance -based optical modulator are proposed. The modulation is achieved by the phase transition of in a Bragg grating which can be formed by the selective deposition on a silicon strip waveguide. The interplay of the Bragg reflection and the inherent loss of the metal phase is used to increase the extinction ratio (ER) while the similarity of the refractive indices of the silicon and insulator phase resulted in a low insertion loss (IL).