Self-reported dyspareunia and outcome satisfaction after spontaneous second-degree tear compared to episiotomy: A register-based cohort study.

Introduction: Symptoms after second-degree tears and in particular episiotomies are common. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and degree of dyspareunia and level of satisfaction with the outcome of the perineal repair after a spontaneous second-degree tear compared to an episiotomy. Further, we aimed to identify risk factors for dyspareunia and dissatisfaction with the outcome.

SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology on a Public University Campus in Washington State.

Background: We aimed to evaluate a testing program to facilitate control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission at a large university and measure spread in the university community using viral genome sequencing.

Methods: Our prospective longitudinal study used remote contactless enrollment, daily mobile symptom and exposure tracking, and self-swab sample collection. Individuals were tested if the participant was exposed to a known SARS-CoV-2-infected person, developed new symptoms, or reported high-risk behavior (such as attending an indoor gathering without masking or social distancing), if a member of a group experiencing an outbreak, or at enrollment.

SwabExpress: An End-to-End Protocol for Extraction-Free COVID-19 Testing.

Background: The urgent need for massively scaled clinical testing for SARS-CoV-2, along with global shortages of critical reagents and supplies, has necessitated development of streamlined laboratory testing protocols. Conventional nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 involves collection of a clinical specimen with a nasopharyngeal swab in transport medium, nucleic acid extraction, and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). As testing has scaled across the world, the global supply chain has buckled, rendering testing reagents and materials scarce.

SwabExpress: An end-to-end protocol for extraction-free COVID-19 testing.

Background: The urgent need for massively scaled clinical testing for SARS-CoV-2, along with global shortages of critical reagents and supplies, has necessitated development of streamlined laboratory testing protocols. Conventional nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 involves collection of a clinical specimen with a nasopharyngeal swab in transport medium, nucleic acid extraction, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) (1). As testing has scaled across the world, the global supply chain has buckled, rendering testing reagents and materials scarce (2).

Magnetic resonance imaging-estimated placental perfusion in fetal growth assessment.

Objective: To evaluate in-vivo placental perfusion fraction, estimated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a marker of placental function.

Methods: A study population of 35 pregnant women, of whom 13 had pre-eclampsia (PE), were examined at 22-40 weeks' gestation. Within a 24-h period, each woman underwent an MRI diffusion-weighted sequence (from which we calculated the placental perfusion fraction), venous blood sampling and an ultrasound examination including estimation of fetal weight, amniotic fluid index and Doppler velocity measurements.

In vivo ³¹P-MR spectroscopy in normal pregnancy, early and late preeclampsia: a study of placental metabolism.

Introduction: Preeclampsia affects about 3% of pregnancies and the placenta is believed to play a major role in its pathophysiology. Lately, the role of the placenta has been hypothesised to be more pronounced in preeclampsia of early (<34 weeks) rather than late (≥ 34 weeks) onset. (31)P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) enables non-invasive, in vivo studies of placental metabolism.

Placental perfusion in normal pregnancy and early and late preeclampsia: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

Objective: Our primary aim was to investigate if women with early or late preeclampsia have different placental perfusion compared with normal pregnancies. A secondary aim was to investigate if placental perfusion changes with increasing gestational age in normal pregnancy.

Methods: The study population included thirteen women with preeclampsia (five with early and eight with late preeclampsia) and nineteen women with normal pregnancy (ten with early and nine with late pregnancy).

Maternal body mass index, height, and risks of preeclampsia.

Background: There is an association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and preeclampsia, but if BMI has an effect on preeclampsia of all severities is debated. If there is an association between maternal height and preeclampsia of all severities is unknown.

Methods: In this population-based cohort study including 503,179 nulliparous women, we estimated risks of preeclampsia of different severity in short (<164 cm) and tall (≥172 cm) women, using women of average height (164-171 cm) as reference, and in underweight (BMI: ≤18.

What happened to the ones who dropped out? Outcome in eating disorder patients who complete or prematurely terminate treatment.

Introduction: There is a lack of knowledge about the outcome of eating disorder patients who terminate treatment prematurely. The present study followed-up eating disorder patients who had previously dropped out of treatment and examined clinical status 36 months after intake.

Method: Dropouts (n = 30) were compared with treatment completers (n = 52) on diagnostic status, clinical symptoms, psychosocial adjustment and treatment satisfaction at follow-up.

Anorexic self-control and bulimic self-hate: differential outcome prediction from initial self-image.

Objective: The study investigated initial self-image (structural analysis of social behavior) and its relation to 36-month outcome, among patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Hypotheses were that degree of different aspects of self-image would predict outcome in the groups.

Method: Participants were 52 patients with anorexia and 91 with bulimia from a longitudinal naturalistic database, and outcome measures included eating disorder and psychiatric symptoms and a general outcome index.

Persistent effects of subliminal stimulation: sex differences and the effectiveness of debriefing.

Persistent and non-trivial effects of unconscious stimuli have been reported (Sohlberg & Birgegard, 2003). This raises the ethical question of whether informing participants about such stimuli effectively returns them to a normal state. Two experiments (sex-mixed, N = 70 and 118) tested two kinds of debriefing to participants following subliminal (tachistoscopic) attachment-related or control stimulation.

Self-image and treatment drop-out in eating disorders.

Introduction: Drop-out from treatment is a serious problem in eating disorders which remains poorly understood. The present study investigated whether self-image and interpersonal theory could help to explain why eating disorder patients drop out of treatment.

Method: Intake data on eating disorder patients who terminated treatment prematurely (N=54) were compared with patients who had completed treatment (N=54) and those who were still in treatment after 12 months (N=54).

Negative self-image and outcome in eating disorders: results at 3-year follow-up.

Introduction: Negative self-image has been hypothesised to be of aetiological significance in eating disorders; however, its relationship to outcome remains unclear. The present study examined the relationship between self-image and follow-up status in a heterogeneous sample of eating disorder patients (N=246).

Methods: Patients were assessed at intake and after 36 months.

Shame: mechanisms of activation and consequences for social perception, self-image, and general negative emotion.

In two experiments we explored Tomkins's (1963) concept of shame, comparing conscious versus unconscious shame activation. In line with Tomkins' theory, an impeded positive feedback sequence, consciously or unconsciously perceived, elicited more shame than continuously negative feedback. This was, however, true only for participants with an initially low degree of internalized shame.

Extracting a maximum of useful information from statistical research data.

The practice of statistical inference in psychological research is critically reviewed. Particular emphasis is put on the fast pace of change from the sole reliance on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) to the inclusion of effect size estimates, confidence intervals, and an interest in the Bayesian approach. We conclude that these developments are helpful for psychologists seeking to extract a maximum of useful information from statistical research data, and that seven decades of criticism against NHST is finally having an effect.

Interpersonal profiles in eating disorders: ratings of SASB self-image.

Introduction: Although evidence suggests that interpersonal psychotherapy may be an efficacious treatment for eating disorders, there is surprisingly little systematic knowledge about the interpersonal world of these patients.

Method: SASB self-image ratings were used to explore interpersonal profiles in a large heterogeneous sample of eating disorders (N = 830), matched normal controls (N = 105) and a small group of controls with subclinical depression (N = 26).

Results: Eating disorder patients clearly presented with significantly more negative interpersonal profiles compared to controls.

Persistent complex subliminal activation effects: first experimental observations.

A strong recent focus on unconscious processes has increased interest in subliminal stimulation and other experimental activation technologies. Five experiments using male and female university students (N = 365) were carried out to compare 5-ms exposures of "mommy and I" stimuli with 5-ms control stimulation. Measures of self-mother similarity and other variables taken 7-14 days after exposure were more strongly correlated among experimental participants.

Memories of mother, complementarity and shame: predicting response to subliminal stimulation with "Mommy and I are one".

A poorly understood finding with potentially wide-ranging implications is that subliminal stimulation with "Mommy and I are one" affects behavior. In this study (n= 62), "Mommy and I are one" lowered implicit mood (p= 0.0015) in comparison with a neutral stimulus ("People are walking").

Methodology in subliminal psychodynamic activation: the next step in the debate.

Subliminal psychdynamic activation methodology has recently been the subject of an exchange of views between Birgegård and Sohlberg (1999) and Fudin (2000). The agreements and some remaining points of contention are summarized here. The main difference of opinion appears to concern unconscious verbal encoding in relation to subjective experience in subliminal stimulation and whether subliminal psychodynamic activation results are unreliable until a full explanation of how verbal encoding works is at hand.

New methodological advice for research in subliminal psychodynamic activation.

Recent integration among approaches to perception without awareness has brought the usefulness of Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation into renewed focus. Several authors have discussed the possible detrimental impact on interpretation when control phrases are used that for some participants may be less than affectively neutral (e.g.

Depression, gender and identification: replication and extension.

Replicating pilot findings, this study (N = 100) suggests that identification processes are a factor in the aetiology of depression. These processes are gender-linked: identification with father is more important for males, identification with mother for females.