Mechanisms of Arachidonic Acid In Vitro Schistosomicidal Potential.

Arachidonic acid (ARA) was shown to possess safe and effective schistosomicidal impact on larval and adult and in vitro and in vivo in laboratory rodents and in children residing in low and high endemicity regions. We herein examine mechanisms underlying ARA schistosomicidal potential over two experiments, using in each pool a minimum of 50 adult male, female, or mixed-sex freshly recovered, ex vivo . Worms incubated in fetal calf serum-free medium were exposed to 0 or 10 mM ARA for 1 h at 37 °C and immediately processed for preparation of surface membrane and whole worm body homogenate extracts.

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal fabrication of hierarchical-stacked mesoporous decavanadate-intercalated ZnAl nanolayered double hydroxide to exterminate different developmental stages of and .

Hierarchically stacked mesoporous zinc-aluminium nanolayered-double-hydroxide intercalated with decavanadate (ZnAl-LDH-VO) is constructed using anion-exchange process via microwave-hydrothermal treatment. Physicochemical properties of ZnAl-LDH-VO are characterized in detail. Decavanadate anions are intimately interacted with ZnAl-LDH nanosheets, generating highly ordered architecture of well-dimensioned stacking blocks of brucite-like nanolayers (∼8 nm).

The potential curative and hepatoprotective effects of platelet rich plasma on liver fibrosis in experimentally infected mice.

Trapped eggs trigger fibrotic liver disease that can continue to liver cirrhosis and failure. This work evaluates the outcome of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on -induced liver fibrosis by intraperitoneal (IP) and intrahepatic (IH) routes with/without Praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. Swiss albino mice ( = 162) were divided into non-infected ( = 66) and infected ( = 96) groups, then subdivided into non-treated and treated subgroups with PRP(IP), PRP(IH) 6th and 10th weeks post-infection, PZQ, PZQ + PRP(IP) and PZQ + PRP(IH) 6th and 10th weeks post-infection.

Anti-helminthic effect of peel extract on worms and muscle larvae: in vitro and in vivo studies.

() is a prevalent foodborne intestinal parasite in many developing countries. Albendazole (ABZ) is the drug of choice for treating trichinosis despite its several drawbacks as its week effect against encapsulated larvae, low bioavailability, and emerging drug resistance. As a result, new anthelmintic agents are required.

Ginger (Zingiber Officinale)-derived nanoparticles in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice: Hepatoprotective and enhancer of etiological treatment.

Background: Nanotechnology has been manufactured from medicinal plants to develop safe, and effective antischistosmal alternatives to replace today's therapies. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prophylactic effect of ginger-derived nanoparticles (GNPs), and the therapeutic effect of ginger aqueous extract, and GNPs on Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infected mice compared to praziquantel (PZQ), and mefloquine (MFQ).

Nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced and schistosomicidal activity of praziquantel: effect of charge.

WHO considers praziquantel (PZQ) as the drug of choice for treatment of infection but this requires high dose due to poor solubility and first pass metabolism. The aim of this work was to optimize nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for enhanced PZQ oral delivery. The optimization involved testing the effect of surface charge of NLCs.

Liver Macrophage Depletion Ameliorates The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in a Murine Model of Injured Liver.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy show different levels of effectiveness in the context of different types of liver damage, suggesting that the microenvironment of the injured liver is a key determinant for effective stem cell therapy. The objective was to assess the modulatory effect of hepatic stem cell niche components on the transplanted MSCs during liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl). Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled human MSCs were injected intravenously into mice treated with CCl and subjected to hepatic macrophage-depletion.

First identification of Naegleria species and Vahlkampfia ciguana in Nile water, Cairo, Egypt: Seasonal morphology and phylogenetic analysis.

Background/purpose: In Egypt, there is a scarcity of data concerning Naegleria (N.) family, with a shortage of phylogenetic studies. This study's aim was molecular detection, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of morphologically identified Nagleria and to determine natural seasonal distribution of Nagleria species in water sources of Greater Cairo, Egypt.

Impact of treatment with a Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (Genistein) on acute and chronic experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection.

Schistosomiasis mansoni is considered one of the most common fibrotic diseases resulting from inflammation and deposition of fibrous tissue around parasitic eggs trapped in the liver, causing morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy against schistosomiasis is largely dependent on Praziquantel (PZQ). Yet, the huge administration of it in endemic areas and its incompetence towards the immature stages have raised serious alarms against the development of drug resistance.

Telmisartan, an AT1 receptor blocker and a PPAR gamma activator, alleviates liver fibrosis induced experimentally by Schistosoma mansoni infection.

Background: Hepatic schistosomiasis is considered to be one of the most prevalent forms of chronic liver disease in the world due to its complication of liver fibrosis. The demonstration of the pro-fibrogenic role of angiotensin (Ang) II in chronic liver disease brought up the idea that anti-Ang II agents may be effective in improving hepatic fibrosis by either blocking Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptors or inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma (PPARγ) activation has been also shown to inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation and progression of fibrosis.

Efficacy and mechanism of action of arachidonic acid in the treatment of hamsters infected with Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma haematobium.

We have recently shown that in vitro and in vivo exposure of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium to 5-10mM arachidonic acid (ARA) induces parasite surface membrane disintegration and eventual attrition. Here we report on the optimum ARA dose and post-infection treatment time for maximum schistosome demise in hamsters. A series of four experiments for each schistosome species indicated that oral administration of ARA after patency led to a highly significant (P<0.

Does granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration induce damage or repair response in schistosomiasis?

Aim: To introduce Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as a new therapeutic modality for schistosomiasis through stem cell mobilization, immunomodulation or fibrosis remodeling.

Methods: In this study, a 5 d course of human recombinant G-CSF (100 μg/kg sc) was applied to Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice at different stages of disease (5 d before infection as well as 3, 5 and 7 wk post-infection). The animals were sacrificed at 10 d as well as 4, 6 and 8 wk post infection.

Fasciola gigantica: Parasitological and scanning electron microscopy study of the in vitro effects of ivermectin and/or artemether.

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro effects of different concentrations of ivermectin and/or artemether on Fasciolagigantica worms and to study the parasitological changes and tegumental alterations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Methods: Fasciola gigantica worms were incubated in vitro for 24 and 48 h with three concentrations of either ivermectin or artemether (10, 20 and 50 microg/ml) or both in half concentration of either (5, 10 and 25 microg/ml).

Results: Exposure of Fasciola worms to 25+25 microg/ml of combined drug regimens or to 50 microg/ml of either ivermectin or artemether for 48 h led to 100%, 41.

Schistosoma mansoni: effect of dietary zinc supplement on egg granuloma in Swiss mice treated with praziqantel.

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases in Egypt and chemotherapy is considered the most effective method of control. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of zinc administration against Schistosoma mansoni infection by evaluating the activities of arylesterase and paraoxonase (PON1) enzymes, and the degree of liver damage. One hundred and twenty albino mice were divided into two groups; one was an infected control and the other a treated group which was further subdivided into three according to the praziquantel and zinc supplementation given.

Quantitative comparison of infected Schistosomiasis mansoni and Haematobium: animal model analysis of the granuloma cell population.

To evaluate the hypothesis that the granuloma cell population in S. haematobium is different from that of S. mansoni infections, a hamaster animal model was established.