The effect of female circumcision on maternal and neonatal outcomes after childbirth: a cohort study.

Background: Circumcision has many side effects and complications on women's lives and affects their physical, mental, and social health. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of female circumcision on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with 320 pregnant women by convenience sampling (160 individuals were circumcised and 160 were uncircumcised).

The relationship between stress during pregnancy with leptin and cortisol blood concentrations and complications of pregnancy in the mother.

Objective: Pregnancy is one of the most stressful periods a woman experiences in her life. The present study was an attempt to determine the relationship between maternal stress during pregnancy and cortisol plus maternal serum leptin concentrations as well as pregnancy outcomes.

Material And Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on 90 pregnant women in Miandoab city between 2015 and 2016.