Reduced order state estimation for a class of impulsive switched systems with unknown inputs.

This paper introduces a robust method for estimating states and switching signals in impulsive switched systems with unknown inputs. It uses a reduced-order estimator to handle inaccessible states and an output derivative-based method to address the effects of unknown inputs, even though this adds some impulsive effects. The method is divided into two main steps: first, dedicated estimators determine the switching signal and identify the active subsystem; then, state estimation is carried out.

Soil washing of chromium- and cadmium-contaminated sludge using acids and ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid chelating agent.

In this research, the effect of soil washing in the removal of chromium- and cadmium-contaminated sludge samples collected from Pond 2 of the Tehran Oil Refinery was investigated. These metals are considered as hazardous substances for human health and the environment. The carcinogenicity of chromate dust has been established for a long time.