Microbial Desalination Cell for Sustainable Water Treatment: A Critical Review.

In view of increasing threats arising from the shortage of fresh water, there is an urgent need to propose sustainable technologies for the exploitation of unconventional water sources. As a derivative of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microbial desalination cell (MDC) has the potential of desalinating saline/brackish water while simultaneously generating electricity, as well as treating wastewater. Therefore, it is worth investigating its practicability as a potential sustainable desalination technology.

Synthesis and study of CuNiTiO as an ORR electrocatalyst to enhance microbial fuel cell efficiency.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have the capability of simultaneous sewage treatment and electricity generation. Modifying the cathode electrode enhances their efficiency. In this study, NiTiO and CuNiTiO were synthesized for practical application as cathode catalysts in a dual-chamber MFC and the performance of the modified cathodes was evaluated against a bare graphite electrode.

Visible-light enhanced azo dye degradation and power generation in a microbial photoelectrochemical cell using AgBr/ZnO composite photocathode.

In this study, a dual-chamber microbial photoelectrochemical cell (MPEC) composed of a bio anode and a photoresponse AgBr/ZnO-modified graphite as a photocathode was investigated. The cell efficacy in degrading reactive black 5 (RB5), a diazo dye, in the cathodic chamber and simultaneously, electricity generation was analyzed. The synthesized AgBr/ZnO photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Treatment of mixed dairy and dye wastewater in anode of microbial fuel cell with simultaneous electricity generation.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a green technology that converts the stored chemical energy of organic matter to electricity; therefore, it can be used for wastewater purification and energy production simultaneously. In this study, three kinds of dairy products, including milk, cheese water, and yogurt water, were mixed with Acid orange 7 (AO7) as the model wastewater and used as the anolyte of an MFC. The capability of the system in energy production and dye removal was also investigated.

Application of immobilized ZnO nanoparticles for the photocatalytic regeneration of ultrasound pretreated-granular activated carbon.

In this study, the photocatalytic regeneration by ZnO was employed for the regeneration of the granular activated carbon (GAC) which was saturated with the reactive red 43. The ultrasound was applied as a pretreatment step due to the cleanup of the adsorbent surface and providing a higher surface area and adsorption capacity. According to the nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption results, the ultrasound pretreated-GAC had the highest surface area and the total pore volume.

Phosphomolybdic acid immobilized on graphite as an environmental photoelectrocatalyst.

A new phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)/Graphite surface was prepared based on electrostatic interactions between phosphomolybdic acid and graphite surface. The PMA/Graphite was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images showed that the phosphomolybdic acid particles were well stabilized on the graphite surface and they were evidenced the size of particles (approximately 10 nm).

Monitoring simultaneous photocatalytic-ozonation of mixture of pharmaceuticals in the presence of immobilized TiO2 nanoparticles using MCR-ALS: Identification of intermediates and multi-response optimization approach.

The present study has focused on the degradation of a mixture of three pharmaceuticals, i.e. methyldopa (MDP), nalidixic acid (NAD) and famotidine (FAM) which were quantified simultaneously during photocatalytic-ozonation process.

Electrosorption and photocatalytic one-stage combined process using a new type of nanosized TiO₂/activated charcoal plate electrode.

In the present study, an activated charcoal (AC) plate was prepared by physical activation method. Its surface was coated with TiO₂ nanoparticles by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The average crystallite size of TiO₂ nanoparticles was determined approximately 28 nm.

Optimization of activated carbon fiber preparation from Kenaf using K2HPO4 as chemical activator for adsorption of phenolic compounds.

The present work reports the preparation of activated carbon fiber (ACF) from Kenaf natural fibers. Taguchi experimental design method was used to optimize the preparation of ACF using K(2)HPO(4). Optimized conditions were: carbonization at 300 degrees C, impregnation with 30%w/v K(2)HPO(4) solution and activation at 700 degrees C for 2h with the rate of achieving the activation temperature equal to 2 degrees C min(-1).