Rapid determination of pathogens in mastitic milk of dairy cows using Gram staining.

This study aimed to determine whether causative pathogens in mastitic milk can be determined by Gram staining after the centrifugation of milk. Gram staining was performed using unconcentrated and concentrated milk cells. Using this method, we found that the background of microscopic image of unconcentrated milk cells was complex and bacteria were difficult to detect.

Regression tree analysis of the relationship between the concentrations of antimicrobial components and the microbiota of normal milk from dairy cows.

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of antimicrobial components (immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin (LF), lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), and S100A7) in normal milk and their relation to host factors (Age, somatic cell count (SCC), days in milk, richness, and alpha diversity of the milk microbiota) in dairy cows using multivariate regression tree analyses, and to clarify how the milk microbiota is related to the obtained results. Thirty normal milk samples were collected from a commercial dairy farm in June 2020. The thresholds that predicted the concentration of each antimicrobial component in milk were obtained by regression tree analysis, and the beta-diversity of the milk microbiota composition between groups divided according to each threshold was compared by an analysis of similarities test.

Examination of the microbiota of normal cow milk using MinION nanopore sequencing.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota of normal milk in dairy cows and their relationship with host factors, such as the age of the cow (Age), somatic cell counts in milk (SCCs), and days in milk (DIM). We investigated 48 milk samples from 22 cows with no systemic or local clinical signs using MinION nanopore sequencing for a 16S rRNA gene amplicon. Bacterial richness was positively correlated with the DIM (P=0.

Immune response during the onset of coliform mastitis in dairy cows vaccinated with STARTVAC.

The immune response during the onset of coliform mastitis in vaccinated cows was investigated by measuring lactoferrin (LF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentrations and somatic cell counts in 28 milk samples at the onset of acute coliform mastitis (ACM) and 73 milk samples at the onset of peracute coliform mastitis (PCM). Vaccinated ACM, unvaccinated ACM, and vaccinated PCM showed significantly higher values for LF and IL-1β levels than unvaccinated PCM (p < .01).

Smooth and Transparent Films Showing Paradoxical Surface Properties: The Lower the Static Contact Angle, the Better the Water Sliding Performance.

Smooth and transparent hydrophilic films showing excellent water sliding properties were prepared by using a sol-gel solution of 2-[methoxy (ethyleneoxy) propyl]trimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane. The resulting hybrid films were statically hydrophilic (static water contact angles (CAs) were in the range of 30-45°), but water droplets (50 μL) could move smoothly on an inclined surface (minimum sliding angle was 6°) without pinning or tailing because of low CA hysteresis (5 ± 1°). Thanks to this hybrid film formation on aluminum (Al) substrate, drainage performance during condensation and frosting/defrosting markedly improved compared to that on hydrophilic, bare Al, or hydrophobic monolayer-covered Al substrates.

Factors associated with marketable milk production recovery after treatment of naturally occurring acute coliform mastitis.

Milk production loss after recovery from acute coliform mastitis causes major economic losses for dairy industries. Declines in milk production and composition are caused by multiple factors, including cow factors, microorganisms and treatments, but the influence of each factor has not been determined. To investigate risk factors for milk loss after treatment for acute coliform mastitis, multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted in 53 clinical cases.