Kinetic and adsorption isotherm studies of Malachite Green dye onto surfactant-tailored alginate hydrogel beads: An influence of surfactant hydrophobicity.

This study details the synthesis and characterization of surfactant-modified sodium alginate hydrogel beads crosslinked with Ba ions through ionotropic gelation. Cationic surfactants such as, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), and butanediyl-α,ω-bis-(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) (GEM), were employed in the modification process. The surfactant-modified ALG-DTAB, ALG-DDAB, and ALG-GEM beads were investigated for the removal of cationic dye Malachite Green (MG) to elucidate the impact of hydrophobicity of amphiphiles on the adsorption process.