Peptide spiders are emerging as novel therapeutic interventions for nucleic acid delivery.

The FDA has approved many nucleic acid (NA)-based products. The presence of charges and biological barriers however affect stability and restrict widespread use. The electrostatic complexation of peptide with polyethylene glycol-nucleic acids (PEG-NAs) via nonreducible and reducible agents lead to three parts at one platform.

mRNA Lipoplexes with Cationic and Ionizable α-Amino-lipophosphonates: Membrane Fusion, Transfection, mRNA Translation and Conformation.

Cationic liposomes are attractive carriers for mRNA delivery. Here, mRNA lipoplexes (LX) were prepared with the cationic lipids α-aminolipophosphonate () or imidazolium lipophosphoramidate () associated with various α-aminolipophosphonates co-lipids comprising protonable groups (imidazole or pyridine) and . Physicochemical parameters of liposomes and their membrane fusion activity were measured.

Mupirocin-Loaded Chitosan Microspheres Embedded in Piper betle Extract Containing Collagen Scaffold Accelerate Wound Healing Activity.

This study reports the formulation of mupirocin-loaded chitosan microspheres embedded in Piper betle extract containing collagen scaffold as combinational drug delivery for improved wound healing. Selection of chitosan type (molecular weight and degree of deacetylation) was carried out based on their antibacterial efficacy. The low molecular weight chitosan was selected owing to the highest antibacterial action against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria.

Lipid/polymer-based nanocomplexes in nucleic acid delivery as cancer vaccines.

Cancer vaccines consist of nucleic acid derivatives such as plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA and mRNA, and can be customized according to the patient's needs. Nanomedicines have proven to be exceptionally good as miniaturized drug carriers, and thus they offer great advantages for delivering cancer vaccines. This review provides an overview of the literature on cancer vaccines, from their inception to current developments in the field.

Progress of Cancer Nanotechnology as Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Theranostics Nanomedicine: Preclinical Promise and Translational Challenges.

Early detection, right therapeutic intervention, and simultaneous effectiveness mapping are considered the critical factors in successful cancer therapy. Nevertheless, these factors experience the limitations of conventional cancer diagnostics and therapeutics delivery approaches. Along with providing the targeted therapeutics delivery, advances in nanomedicines have allowed the combination of therapy and diagnostics in a single system (called cancer theranostics).

Emerging advances in synthetic cancer nano-vaccines: opportunities and challenges.

: Cancer immunotherapy is a fast-growing field that has achieved tremendous progress in recent years. It is one of the most potent tools that can activate the immune system against cancer. Nevertheless, the development of safe and effective vaccines to overcome emerging new disease remains challenging since several emerging antigens are poorly immunogenic.

Systematic development of a bioanalytical UPLC-MS/MS method for estimation of risperidone and its active metabolite in long-acting microsphere formulation in rat plasma.

A systematic approach to develop a UPLC-MS/MS method was applied for quantifying of risperidone (RISP), its active metabolite, 9-hydroxy risperidone (9-OH-RISP) and internal standard (propranolol) in rat plasma. Liquid-liquid extraction was performed using methyl tert-butyl ether for quantification of drug and its active metabolite by MS detection in the positive ion mode. Acquity UPLC system with BEH C18 (2.

Novel nanoemulsion gel containing triple natural bio-actives combination of curcumin, thymoquinone, and resveratrol improves psoriasis therapy: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Curcumin, resveratrol, and thymoquinone are the potential natural bio-actives reported with good anti-psoriatic activity. However, poor aqueous solubility and limited skin permeation of these natural bio-actives hinder their effective delivery and potential therapeutic outcome. In this regard, current research work focuses on the design and optimization of nanoemulsion (NE) gel formulation for the concurrent delivery of these three drugs.

Therapeutic Nanoemulsion: Concept to Delivery.

Nanoemulsions (NEs) or nanometric-scaled emulsions are transparent or translucent, optically isotropic and kinetically stable heterogeneous system of two different immiscible liquids namely, water and oil stabilized with an amphiphilic surfactant having droplet size ranges up to 100 nm. They offer a variety of potential interests for certain applications: improved deep-rooted stability; excellent optical clarity; and, enhanced bioavailability due to its nanoscale of particles. Though there is still comparatively narrow insight apropos design, development, and optimization of NEs, which mainly stems from the fact that conventional characteristics of emulsion development and stabilization only partly apply to NEs.

Co-encapsulation of docetaxel and thymoquinone in mPEG-DSPE-vitamin E TPGS-lipid nanocapsules for breast cancer therapy: Formulation optimization and implications on cellular and in vivo toxicity.

Rationally designed combination nano-therapy approaches have emerged as a promising strategy for resistant breast cancer treatment. This research reports the combination of Docetaxel (DTX) and Thymoquinone (THQ) co-encapsulated within long circulating sub-100 nm mPEG-DSPE-Vitamin E TPGS-Lipid nanocapsules (DxTq-LNCs). DxTq-LNCs with sufficient drug loading exhibited controlled drug release, enhanced protein binding resistance (confirming its long circulation in physiological environment and suitability for iv application) and retained the antioxidant effects of THQ.

Improved chemotherapeutic efficacy against resistant human breast cancer cells with co-delivery of Docetaxel and Thymoquinone by Chitosan grafted lipid nanocapsules: Formulation optimization, in vitro and in vivo studies.

In recent years, multi-targeted chemotherapeutic combinations have received considerable attention in solid tumor chemotherapy. Here, we optimized low-molecular-weight chitosan (CS)-grafted lipid nanocapsules (LNCs, referred to as CLNCs) for the co-delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and thymoquinone (THQ) to treat drug-resistant breast cancer. We first screened size reduction techniques (homogenization vs ultrasonication), and then the 3-Box-Behnken design was employed to determine optimal conditions of the final LNCs with the desired quality attributes.

Omega-3 fatty acids as adjunctive therapeutics: prospective of nanoparticles in its formulation development.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3-PUFAs) are dietary components that have been extensively recognized for their therapeutic value and have shown diverse therapeutic effects including anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory and antineoplastic activities. Most of the ω-3-PUFAs are obtained through diet or supplements because the body does not synthesize them. The high instability of ω-3-PUFAs to oxidative deterioration, lower bioavailability at the target tissues and reduced bioactivity of ω-3-PUFAs is an impediment for achieving their therapeutic potential.

3D Printing Technology in Customized Drug Delivery System: Current State of the Art, Prospective and the Challenges.

Background: 3D printing/Additive Manufacturing seems a pragmatic approach to realize the quest for a truly customized and personalized drug delivery. 3DP technology, with innovations in pharmaceutical development and an interdisciplinary approach to finding newer Drug Delivery Systems can usher a new era of treatments to various diseases. The true potential of this is yet to be realized, and the US-FDA is focusing on the regulatory science of 3D printed medical devices to help patients access this technology safely and effectively.

Synthesis of α-amino-lipophosphonates as cationic lipids or co-lipids for DNA transfection in dendritic cells.

Cationic lipid/co-lipid combinations have been extensively explored in gene delivery as alternatives to viral vectors. To be established as a gold standard of chemical vectors, considerable improvement in their transfection efficiency is however required. Herein, we report a simple procedure to synthesize new cationic lipids and co-lipids for the DNA transfection of dendritic cells (DCs).

Nanotechnology Based Theranostic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease Management: Current Status and Future Perspective.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a cognitive dysfunction/dementia state amongst the elders is characterized by irreversible neurodegeneration due to varied pathophysiology. Up till now, anti-AD drugs having different pharmacology have been developed and used in clinic. Yet, these medications are not curative and only lowering the AD associated symptoms.

Supercritical anti-solvent technique assisted synthesis of thymoquinone liposomes for radioprotection: Formulation optimization, in-vitro and in-vivo studies.

The aim of this study was to develop Thymoquinone (TQ) loaded PEGylated liposomes using supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process for enhanced blood circulation, and greater radioprotection. The SAS process of PEGylated liposomes synthesis was optimized by Box-Behnken design. Spherical liposomes with a particle size of 195.

Bile Salt Stabilized Vesicles (Bilosomes): A Novel Nano-Pharmaceutical Design for Oral Delivery of Proteins and Peptides.

With the advent of novel vesicular drug delivery systems especially bilosomes, for large molecular weight proteins and peptides, their oral administration seems a viable approach. These nano-vesicles have shown promising results for the effective delivery of insulin and other therapeutics, perhaps due to their structural composition. The present review has elaborated the biopharmaceutical challenges for the oral delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides as well as presented a novel approach to deliver the essential macromolecules through oral route as bilosomes.

Emerging Advances in Nanomedicine as a Nanoscale Pharmacotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: State of the Art.

There are several significant setbacks including limited bioavailability, high clearance, and further current therapies require higher and frequent dosing to gain desired therapeutic effects. Nanomedicines have been widely investigated for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Though, higher doses also increase the incidence of dreadful adverse effects.

Improving the topical ocular pharmacokinetics of an immunosuppressant agent with mucoadhesive nanoemulsions: Formulation development, in-vitro and in-vivo studies.

Topical ocular conditions such as cornea transplant rejection and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (so called dry eye disease) require therapeutic concentration of immunosuppressant onto the ocular surface for prolonged period. Based on this rational, we optimized cyclosporine A (Cy-A) loaded polymeric mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (Cy-A-mN) with higher Cy-A payload, improved ocular retention, corneal and conjunctival bioavailability. The concentrations of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant needed for the stable nanoemulsion were screened followed by phase behavior study of the formulations components by the construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams.

Phytoconstituents as pharmacotherapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis: challenges and scope of nano/submicromedicine in its effective delivery.

Objectives: The present review explores the therapeutic application of herbals in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy, and how nano/submicromedicine can be fit in the scope of its therapeutic delivery in RA has been addressed.

Key Findings: Incorporation of bioactive such as polyphenols, thymoquinone, resveratrol, hesperidin, curcumin, celastrol and gambogic acid in a dose-dependent manner showed quite high efficacy for the treatment of RA. It can be attributed to their targeting ability against various inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, NF-kβ, lipoxygenase (LOXs) and arachidonic acid (AA).

Nanoporous metal organic frameworks as hybrid polymer-metal composites for drug delivery and biomedical applications.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), porous hybrid polymer-metal composites at the nanoscale, are recent innovations in the field of chemistry; they are novel polymeric materials with diverse biomedical applications. MOFs are nanoporous materials, consisting of metal ions linked together by organic bridging ligands. The unique physical and chemical characteristics of MOFs have attracted wider attention from the scientific community, exploring their utility in the field of material science, biology, nanotechnology and drug delivery.