Effects of a multimedia campaign to increase human papillomavirus vaccine acceptance in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Increasing the uptake of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among adolescent girls is a high priority for the government of Bangladesh. This study examines correlates of HPV vaccine adoption in Dhaka Division, the largest division in Bangladesh. The 18-day vaccination campaign was accompanied by multimedia messages.

Randomised experimental evaluation of a social media campaign to promote COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged public health and behaviour change programmes, and has led to the development of innovative interventions and research. In low -and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria, new strategies to promote vaccination, increase pro-vaccination social norms, and reduce vaccine hesitancy have been deployed through social media campaigns and evaluated using digital media platforms.

Methods: We conducted two randomised experimental evaluations of social media content designed to promote COVID-19 vaccination and to complement research on a nationwide vaccination promotion campaign in Nigeria run in 2022.

Development and Assessment of a Six-Item Index to Gauge Motivation to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination.

This study examined the factors influencing vaccine uptake using the Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) and validated a multi-dimensional index for measuring a key construct in the FBM, motivation, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha. The research was conducted in Yopougon Est, Côte d'Ivoire, and Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. We aimed to develop a motivation index for COVID-19 vaccination uptake informed by the FBM.

Determinants of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptance among Caregivers in Nigeria: A Fogg Behavior Model-Based Approach.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among adolescent girls is critical to reducing the burden of HPV-related cancers in Nigeria. This study assesses the factors influencing caregivers' acceptance of HPV vaccination for their charges, using the Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) as a theoretical framework. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1429 caregivers of girls aged 9-17 in six Nigerian states, using a survey instrument based on the FBM.

Adaptive Interventions to Promote Change in the 21st Century: The Responsive Feedback Approach.

The RF approach is a framework of intervention development that aims to collect timely data that serve as feedback and provide flexibility, agility, and adaptability to intervention planners and implementers to make changes that enhance their success.

Identifying Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Residents of Yopougon Est, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

This study applied the Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) to identify and prioritize factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination among residents of Yopougon Est, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. A total of 568 respondents were recruited from among individuals entering eleven participant recruitment and data collection sites located near high pedestrian trafficked areas. Among all respondents, 52% reported being vaccinated versus 48% who reported not being vaccinated.

Factors associated with the adoption of a digital health service by patent proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Patent proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) are the first point of care for low-income Nigerian households. They are likely to have an important role in a digital care pathway established for low-income Nigerian women and children. Yet, little is known about what drives the adoption of digital platforms by PPMVs.

Use of a Practitioner-Friendly Behavior Model to Identify Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination and Other Behaviors.

The lack of capacity for the design and implementation of behavioral interventions in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other global health institutions. There is a need to task-shift, to translate social and behavioral science concepts into "practitioner-friendly" models-models which can be used by intervention designers, implementers, and evaluators with limited technical and financial resources. We illustrate the use of the Fogg Behavior Model (FBM), a model identified as being easy for practitioners to adopt in low-resource settings.

Digital Media for Behavior Change: Review of an Emerging Field of Study.

Digital media are omnipresent in modern life, but the science on the impact of digital media on behavior is still in its infancy. There is an emerging evidence base of how to use digital media for behavior change. Strategies to change behavior implemented using digital technology have included a variety of platforms and program strategies, all of which are potentially more effective with increased frequency, intensity, interactivity, and feedback.

Implementation practice models for development in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review of peer-reviewed literature.

Introduction: This study operationally defines a relatively small, but growing field of study on implementation practice models for health behavior change in the context of international development. We define 'implementation practice models' as theoretical models that take a practical and practitioner-focused approach to behavior change, and we illustrate how these models have been developed and applied. The paper examines the continuum of behavioral theories and their application in the context of development programs and research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake amongst Healthcare Workers (HCWs) in Nigeria.

This study applied a behavioral lens to understand drivers of COVID-19 vaccination uptake among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Nigeria. The study used data from an online survey of Nigerian HCWs ages 18 and older conducted in July 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine predictors of getting two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine.

How Donors Can Collaborate to Improve Reach, Quality, and Impact in Social and Behavior Change for Health.

To enable greater reach, quality, and impact of investments in social and behavior change, donors need to be intentional in building collaborative relationships that apply proven practices. We offer recommendations for maximizing the impact of donors' investments.

Understanding how social norms affect modern contraceptive use.

Background: An aim of this study is to introduce a practitioner-friendly behavior model. Few theories of health behavior explicitly take the effect of social norms on behavior into account. Generally, theories that do take social norms into account assume that the effect of social norms on behavior operates through motivation.

Using 'Theories of Change' and responsive feedback to design a digital service business for patent and proprietary medicine vendors in Nigeria.

In a paper titled "Responsive feedback: Towards a new paradigm to enhance intervention effectiveness", Viswanath . argue that dominant models of intervention design do not account for the complexity and unpredictability of implementation challenges.  Particularly in the behavioural sciences, intervention designs need to consider many factors that will be uncertain, or unknown, at the beginning of a new project.

Quality of labor and birth care in Sindh Province, Pakistan: Findings from direct observations at health facilities.

This study presents data from the first observation of labor, childbirth and immediate newborn care in a clinical setting in Sindh, the second most populous province of Pakistan. Trained midwives observed 310 births at 126 district level referral facilities and primary health care facilities in 10 districts of Sindh where the USAID-funded Maternal Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) was implemented. The facility participation rate was 78%.

Responsive feedback: Towards a new paradigm to enhance intervention effectiveness.

The current dominant models of intervention design in the development sector do not account for the complexity and unpredictability of implementation challenges. Decision makers and implementers need timely feedback during implementation to respond to field realities and to course-correct. This letter calls for a new approach of "responsive feedback" or "feedback loops" that promotes interactions between project designers, implementers, researchers and decision-makers to enable course corrections needed to achieve intended outcomes.

Use of the Fogg Behavior Model to Assess the Impact of a Social Marketing Campaign on Condom Use in Pakistan.

The Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) is a new framework which posits that behavior happens when three factors - motivation, ability, and a prompt - occur in the same moment. The FBM categorizes people into four groups based on motivation and ability and posits that those with high motivation and high ability will adopt a behavior when prompted. Two rounds of panel survey data from 617 married men in urban Pakistan were used to test this hypothesis.

The timing of antenatal care initiation and the content of care in Sindh, Pakistan.

Background: Policymakers and program planners consider antenatal care (ANC) coverage to be a primary measure of improvements in maternal health. Yet, evidence from multiple countries indicates that ANC coverage has no necessary relationship with the content of services provided. This study examines the relationship between the timing of the first ANC check-up, a potential predictor of the content of services, and the provision of WHO recommended services to women during their pregnancy.

Quality of antenatal care and household wealth as determinants of institutional delivery in Pakistan: Results of a cross-sectional household survey.

Background: Pakistan has a high burden of maternal and newborn mortality, which would be largely preventable through appropriate antenatal and delivery care. While the influence of socio-economic status on institutional delivery is well established in the literature, relatively little is known about the relationship between the quality of antenatal care and institutional delivery.

Methods: A household survey of 4,000 currently married women who had given birth in the two years before the survey was conducted in Sindh province in 2013.

Testing the Validity of Campaign Ad Exposure Measures: A Family Planning Media Campaign in Pakistan.

Although prior research has tested the nomological validity of media campaign exposure, including the related comparative validity of some measures, it has not well studied predictive validity or made extensions to other types of media campaign exposure. To help build on research in this area, the current study tested the nomological and predictive validity of 5 ad recall and recognition measures specific to the Touch condom media campaign in Pakistan. Between-effects regression of panel survey data confirmed the nomological validity of each of the 5 measures of Touch ad exposure.

Case Study: Effects of a Media Campaign on Breastfeeding Behaviors in Sindh Province, Pakistan.

A 2013-2014 media campaign in Sindh Province, Pakistan, promoted healthy breastfeeding practices. According to data from annual household surveys, 26.7% of mothers saw one television spot and 19.