Stroke-Related Sarcopenia: Pathophysiology and Diagnostic Tools.

Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength and can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Patients who have experienced a stroke may develop sarcopenia, which can adversely impact their functional recovery. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia related to stroke involves nutritional deficiency, disuse atrophy, denervation, and metabolic disturbance.

Combination of Cannabidiol with Taurine Synergistically Treated Periodontitis in Rats.

The active component in cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD), was first isolated from the hemp plant in 1940. Chronic pain, inflammation, migraines, depression, and anxiety have long been treated with CBD. The fundamental mechanisms of CBD's effects on periodontal inflammation have yet to be fully understood.

Childhood Community Disadvantage and MRI-Derived Structural Brain Integrity After Age 65 Years.

Importance: Prior studies associate late-life community disadvantage with worse brain health. It is relatively unknown if childhood community disadvantage associates with late-life brain health.

Objective: To test associations between childhood residence in an economically disadvantaged community, individual income and education, and late-life cortical brain volumes and white matter integrity.

Spin waves and orbital contribution to ferromagnetism in a topological metal.

Honeycomb and kagome lattices can host propagating excitations with non-trivial topology as defined by their evolution along closed paths in momentum space. Excitations on such lattices can also be momentum-independent, and the associated flat bands are of interest due to strong interactions between heavy quasiparticles. Here, we report the discovery - using circularly polarized X-rays for the unambiguous isolation of magnetic signals - of a nearly flat spin-wave band and large (compared to elemental iron) orbital moment in the metallic ferromagnet FeSn with compact AB-stacked kagome bilayers.

Patient reported outcomes and the real-world use of calcitonin gene-related peptide medications in migraine.

Objective: To assess patient reported outcomes of patients with migraine receiving preventative medications, and to compare patient reported outcomes and unplanned care of patients on calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitors (CGRPi) with those on other preventative medications.

Background: Patient reported outcome measures can be useful in conditions such as migraine with frequent disability. CGRPi are newer migraine preventative medications that can improve patients' quality of life.

Emergence of Interfacial Magnetism in Strongly-Correlated Nickelate-Titanate Superlattices.

Strongly-correlated transition-metal oxides are widely known for their various exotic phenomena. This is exemplified by rare-earth nickelates such as LaNiO, which possess intimate interconnections between their electronic, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom. Their properties can be further enhanced by pairing them in hybrid heterostructures, which can lead to hidden phases and emergent phenomena.

School-based racial segregation, social support, and late-life cognitive function in the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).

Introduction: School-based social support for Black students may mediate or modify the association between school segregation and late-life cognition.

Methods: Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans participants (n = 574) reported segregated school attendance and school-based social support. Associations of segregated schooling with domain-specific cognitive outcomes and effect modification or mediation by school-based social support were evaluated with linear mixed models.

Compensatory strategies of dysphagia after anterior cervical spinal surgery: A case report.

Rationale: Dysphagia after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common postoperative complication. However, information regarding rehabilitation strategies for postoperative dysphagia is limited. Herein, we report a compensatory strategy for treating dysphagia after ACDF.

HbA variability associated with dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Although poor glycemic control is associated with dementia, it is unknown if variability in glycemic control, even in those with optimal glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA) levels, increases dementia risk.

Methods: Among 171,964 people with type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the hazard of dementia association with long-term HbA variability using five operationalizations, including standard deviation (SD), adjusting for demographics and comorbidities.

Results: The mean baseline age was 61 years (48% women).

Therapeutic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Selective Nerve Block on Chronic Cervical Radiculopathy.

: Cervical radiculopathy (CR) manifests as pain and sensorimotor disturbances in the upper extremities, often resulting from nerve root compression due to intervertebral disc herniation, degenerative changes, or trauma. While conservative treatments are initially preferred, persistent or severe cases may require surgical intervention. Ultrasound-guided selective nerve root block (SNRB) has emerged as a promising intervention for alleviating symptoms and potentially obviating the need for surgery.

Analysis of medical images super-resolution via a wavelet pyramid recursive neural network constrained by wavelet energy entropy.

Recently, multi-resolution pyramid-based techniques have emerged as the prevailing research approach for image super-resolution. However, these methods typically rely on a single mode of information transmission between levels. In our approach, a wavelet pyramid recursive neural network (WPRNN) based on wavelet energy entropy (WEE) constraint is proposed.

Assessing Sodium Intake in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: Validation of Spot Urine Excretion and Dietary Survey-Derived Estimates.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the validity of three alternative methods compared to the gold standard 24-h urine collection for estimating dietary sodium intake, a modifiable risk factor for hypertension, among middle-aged and older adults with elevated blood pressure. These included spot urine collection (using Kawasaki, Tanaka, and INTERSALT equations), 24-h dietary recall, and food frequency questionnaire responses, compared to 24-h urine collection in a subset of 65 participants (aged 50-75 years, 58.5% women, 61.

The Association of Free Testosterone with Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Men: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: Sarcopenic obesity, a clinical condition coexisting with obesity and sarcopenia, is associated with a high risk of functional impairment, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. A decline in age-related free testosterone (FT) levels has been reported to be associated with decreased muscle mass and muscle strength and increased fat mass. However, the association between low FT levels and risk of sarcopenic obesity has not been well studied.

Tunable Magnetism in Atomically Thin Itinerant Antiferromagnet with Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Order.

Addressing the need for modulated spin configurations is crucial, as they serve as the foundational building blocks for next-generation spintronics, particularly in atomically thin structures and at room temperature. In this work, we realize intrinsic ferromagnetism in monolayer flakes and tunable ferro-/antiferromagnetism in (FeCo)GeTe antiferromagnets. Remarkably, the ferromagnetic ordering (≥1 L) and antiferromagnetic ordering (≥4 L) remain discernible up to room temperature.

Racial and ethnic differences in the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes in older adults: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR.

Introduction: Depressive symptoms are associated with higher risk of dementia, but how they impact cognition in diverse populations is unclear.

Methods: Asian, Black, Latino, or White participants (n = 2227) in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (age 65+) and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (age 50+) underwent up to three waves of cognitive assessments over 4 years. Multilevel models stratified by race/ethnicity were used to examine whether depressive symptoms were associated with cognition or cognitive decline and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity.

Obesity, Physical Performance, Balance Confidence, and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

Obesity affects physical functions in numerous ways. We aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and falls, physical performance, and balance confidence in community-dwelling older adults. Using first-year baseline data from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, 979 older adults were included.

Anomalous electrons in a metallic kagome ferromagnet.

Ordinary metals contain electron liquids within well-defined 'Fermi' surfaces at which the electrons behave as if they were non-interacting. In the absence of transitions to entirely new phases such as insulators or superconductors, interactions between electrons induce scattering that is quadratic in the deviation of the binding energy from the Fermi level. A long-standing puzzle is that certain materials do not fit this 'Fermi liquid' description.

MSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Exert Cardioprotective Effect Through Reducing VLCFAs and Apoptosis in Human Cardiac Organoid IRI Model.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 31% of all deaths globally. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), a common complication of CVDs, is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Studies have shown efficacious use of mesenchymal stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSCs-EVs) to mitigate IRI in animals, but few research has been done on human-related models.

Functional oral status and oral health-related quality of life in community-dwelling older adults in Singapore.

Objectives: The objectives were to investigate the association between oral functional status (defined by the number of functional teeth and functional occluding units [FOUs]) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). It also aimed to determine if dentures could compensate for the loss of FOUs in terms of OHRQoL in community-dwelling older adults in Singapore.

Methods: Community-dwelling older adults, aged 60 years and above, were recruited from a community-based oral health functional screening programme from 1 May 2018 to 31 December 2019.

The Impact of the Physical Activity Level on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Previous studies have reported that low levels of physical activity result in sarcopenic obesity (SO). However, the effects of specific intensities of physical activity on SO and the optimal amount of physical activity for lowering the prevalence of SO have not been well studied. This study aimed to identify the effects of physical activity levels and intensity on SO and the optimal amount of physical activity related to a lower prevalence of SO.

Association between Vitamin D and Short-Term Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Vitamin D (Vit D) affects musculoskeletal performance and central nervous system neuroprotection. We aimed to investigate the association between serum Vit D levels and short-term functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study involved patients with acute ischemic stroke confirmed on brain MRI.

Acute cricopharyngeal achalasia after general anesthesia in myotonic dystrophy: A case report.

Rationale: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM-1) is a progressive multisystem genetic disorder that causes myotonia and both distal limb and facial/neck muscle weakness by expanding the CTG repeats of the DMPK gene in chromosome 19q13.3. General anesthesia is indicated in DM-1 patients owing to their sensitivity to anesthetic drugs such as opioids, hypnotics, and neuromuscular blocking agents.

Kalkitoxin attenuates calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via RUNX-2 signaling pathways.

Background: Kalkitoxin (KT) is an active lipopeptide isolated from the cyanobacterium found in the bed of the coral reef. Although KT suppresses cell division and inflammation, KT's mechanism of action in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unidentified. Therefore, our main aim was to investigate the impact of KT on vascular calcification for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.