Unraveling the interplay of CD8 + T cells and microRNA signaling in cancer: implications for immune dysfunction and therapeutic approaches.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as critical regulators of CD8 + T cell function within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). This review explores the multifaceted interplay between miRNAs and CD8 + T cells across various cancers. We discuss how specific miRNAs influence CD8 + T cell activation, recruitment, infiltration, and effector function.

Telomerase-based vaccines: a promising frontier in cancer immunotherapy.

Telomerase, an enzyme crucial for maintaining telomere length, plays a critical role in cellular immortality and is overexpressed in most cancers. This ubiquitous presence makes telomerase, and specifically its catalytic subunit, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. This review explores the development and application of telomerase-based vaccines, focusing on DNA and peptide-based approaches.

Therapeutic combinations of exosomes alongside cancer stem cells (CSCs) and of CSC-derived exosomes (CSCEXs) in cancer therapy.

Exosomes which are membrane vesicles released by cells have gained significant interest in the field of cancer therapy as a novel means of intercellular communication. Their role in immune activation and their pathophysiological functions in cancer therapy have been recognized. Exosomes carry diverse bioactive components including proteins, mRNA, microRNAs, and bioactive lipids.

Evaluation of Fluctuations of Gene Expression and its Polymorphism at rs1267623 in Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Molecular markers in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) are needed for more accurate classification and personalized treatment. In this way, we investigated the effects of the gene on clinical outcomes of its expression fluctuations and its polymorphism at rs1267623 in CRC.

Methods: In this study, 36.

IL-15 as a key regulator in NK cell-mediated immunotherapy for cancer: From bench to bedside.

Interleukin 15 (IL-15) has emerged as a crucial factor in the relationship between natural killer (NK) cells and immunotherapy for cancer. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of IL-15 in NK cell-mediated immunotherapy. First, the key role of IL-15 signaling in NK cell immunity is discussed, highlighting its regulation of NK cell functions and antitumor properties.

microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity as the main inducers in the pathobiology of cancer development.

Cancer is one of the most serious leading causes of death in the world. Many eclectic factors are involved in cancer progression including genetic and epigenetic alongside environmental ones. In this account, the performance and fluctuations of microRNAs are significant in cancer diagnosis and treatment, particularly as diagnostic biomarkers in oncology.

Immune landscape in APC and TP53 related tumor microenvironment in colon adenocarcinoma: A bioinformatic analysis.

Introduction: APC and TP53 are the two most regularly mutated genes in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), especially in progressive malignancies and antitumoral immune response. The current bioinformatics analysis investigates the APC and TP53 gene expression profile in colon adenocarcinoma as a prognostic characteristic for survival, particularly concentrating on the correlated immune microenvironment.

Methods: Clinical and genetic data of colon cancer and normal tissue samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-COAD and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) online databases, respectively.

MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cancer cells. Two key ICIs target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1).

Decoding the regulatory landscape of lncRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for gastric and colorectal cancers.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) are major contributors to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in understanding molecular mechanisms and improved drug treatments, the overall survival rate for patients remains unsatisfactory. Metastasis and drug resistance are major challenges contributing to the high mortality rate in both CRC and GC.

Decoding the interaction between miR-19a and CBX7 focusing on the implications for tumor suppression in cancer therapy.

Cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, genetic alterations, and disruption of normal cellular processes, leading to the formation of malignant tumors with potentially devastating consequences for patients. Molecular research is important in the diagnosis and treatment, one of the molecular mechanisms involved in various cancers is the fluctuation of gene expression. Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are involved in different stages of cancer.

The effect of miR-372-5p regulation on CDX1 and CDX2 in the gastric cancer cell line.

Objectives: MicroRNA expression disruptions play an important function in the expansion of gastric cancer. Previous investigation has indicated that miR-372-5p doing as an oncogene in several malignancies. CDX1 and CDX2, as target genes of miR-372-5p, play the role of tumor suppressors and oncogenes in gastric cancer cells, respectively.

Analytical and therapeutic profiles of DNA methylation alterations in cancer; an overview of changes in chromatin arrangement and alterations in histone surfaces.

DNA methylation is the most important epigenetic element that activates the inhibition of gene transcription and is included in the pathogenesis of all types of malignancies. Remarkably, the effectors of DNA methylation are DNMTs (DNA methyltransferases) that catalyze or keep methylation of hemimethylated DNA after the DNA replication process. DNA methylation structures in cancer are altered, with three procedures by which DNA methylation helps cancer development which are including direct mutagenesis, hypomethylation of the cancer genome, and also focal hypermethylation of the promoters of TSGs (tumor suppressor genes).

Cell therapy for the treatment of reproductive diseases and infertility: an overview from the mechanism to the clinic alongside diagnostic methods.

Infertility is experienced by 8%-12% of adults in their reproductive period globally and has become a prevalent concern. Besides routine therapeutic methods, stem cells are rapidly being examined as viable alternative therapies in regenerative medicine and translational investigation. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding the biology and purpose of stem cells.

MUTYH and KLF6 gene expression fluctuations in tumor tissue and tumor margins tissues of colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most important cancers in the world, and its prevalence varies depending on the geographical area. Genetically, tumor regeneration in CRC as a multi-step process involves activating mutations in protocogenes and losing the function of tumor suppressor genes as well as DNA repair and recovery genes. Occur in this way, our goal was to investigate the expression of KLF6 genes as a tumor suppressor and MUTYH involved in the DNA repair process in colorectal cancer.

Performance of DNA Methylation on the Molecular Pathogenesis of in Gastric Cancer; targeted therapy approach.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant cause of cancer mortality which has led to focused exploration of the pathology of GC. The advent of genome-wide analysis methods has made it possible to uncover genetic and epigenetic fluctuation such as abnormal DNA methylation in gene promoter regions that is expected to play a key role in GC. The study of gastric malignancies requires an etiological perspective, and () was identified to play a role in GC.

Novel Biomarkers of microRNAs in Gastric Cancer: An Overview from Diagnosis to Treatment.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most frequent disease in the world and the second cause of cancer-related death. In this way, over 80% of diagnoses are made in the middle to advanced degrees of the disease, underscoring the requirement for innovative biomarkers that can be identified quickly. Meaningly, biomarkers that can complement endoscopic diagnosis and be used to detect patients with a high risk of GC are desperately needed.

DNA Methylation Profiling of MYC, SMAD2/3 and DNMT3A in Colorectal Cancer.

Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, is commonplace and a remarkable factor in carcinogenesis transformation. Conspicuously, previous findings have presented a cluster of irregular promoter methylation alterations related with silencing of tumor suppressor genes, little is accepted regarding their sequential DNA methylation (hypo and hyper) modifications during the cancer progression. In this way, fluctuations of DNA methylation of many genes, especially MYC, SMAD2/3, and DNMT3A, have an impressive central key role in many different cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC).

TERRA Gene Expression in Gastric Cancer: Role of hTERT.

Purpose: One of the most important serious malignancies is gastric cancer (GC) with a high mortality globally. In this way, beside the environmental factors, genetic parameter has a remarkable effective fluctuation in GC. Correspondingly, telomeres are nucleoprotein structures measuring the length of telomeres and they have special potential in diagnosis of various types of cancers.

CAR T-cells profiling in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis: An overview of CAR T-cells cancer therapy.

Immunotherapy of cancer by chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) modified T-cell has a remarkable clinical potential for malignancies. Meaningly, it is a suitable cancer therapy to treat different solid tumors. CAR is a special recombinant protein combination with an antibody targeting structure alongside with signaling domain capacity on order to activate T cells.

Mechanisms of cancer stem cell therapy.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis and are involved in drug and radiation resistance, metastasis, tumor relapse and initiation. Remarkably, they have other abilities such as inheritance of self-renewal and de-differentiation. Hence, targeting CSCs is considered a potential anti-cancer therapeutic strategy.

DNA Methylation Profiling of hTERT Gene Alongside with the Telomere Performance in Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Epigenetic modification including of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, histon phosphorylation and non-coding RNA can impress the gene expression and genomic stability and cause different types of malignancies and also main human disorder. Conspicuously, the epigenetic alteration special DNA methylation controls telomere length, telomerase activity and also function of different genes particularly hTERT expression. Telomeres are important in increasing the lifespan, health, aging, and the development and progression of some diseases like cancer.

An insight of microRNAs performance in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis; an overview of cancer therapy.

Importance of dysregulation and expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been confiemed in many disorders comprising cancer. In this way, different approaches to induce reprogramming from one cell type to another in oerder to control the cell normal mechanisem, comprising microRNAs, combinatorial small molecules, exosome-mediated reprogramming, embryonic microenvironment and also lineage-specific transcription agents, are involved in cell situation. Meaningly, besides the above factors, microRNAs are so special and have an impressive role in cell reprogramming.