Development of hydrogels from cell wall of Aspergillus oryzae containing chitin-glucan and wet spinning to monofilaments.

Fungal mycelium is emerging as a source for sustainable bio-based materials. Fungal biomass of Aspergillus oryzae was prepared by cultivation on bread waste hydrolysate to valorize this abundant food waste. Chitin-glucan-rich alkali-insoluble material (AIM) was isolated from fungal biomass, formed into hydrogels, and wet spun into monofilaments.

Turning food waste to antibacterial and biocompatible fungal chitin/chitosan monofilaments.

Here, cell wall of a zygomycete fungus, Rhizopus delemar, grown on bread waste was wet spun into monofilaments. Using the whole cell wall material omits the common chitosan isolation and purification steps and leads to higher material utilization. The fungal cell wall contained 36.

Implementation and assessment of diverse strategies for physical activity promotion in Vietnam-A case report.

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) has documented effects in prevention and treatment of many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Physical inactivity is recognized as the fourth leading risk factor for premature death, worldwide. Despite these facts, physical inactivity is increasing, not only in high-income, but also in middle- and low-income countries.

Analysis of refill liquids for electronic cigarettes.

Aims: To assess levels of nicotine, nicotine degradation products and some specific impurities in commercial refill liquids for electronic cigarettes.

Design And Setting: We analyzed 20 models of 10 of the most popular brands of refill liquids, using gas and liquid chromatography.

Measurements: We assessed nicotine content, content of the known nicotine degradation products and impurities, and presence of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol.

ERK phosphorylation is linked to VEGFR2 expression and Ets-2 phosphorylation in breast cancer and is associated with tamoxifen treatment resistance and small tumours with good prognosis.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signalling mediates communication between growth factor receptors and the cell nucleus and has been linked to several key events in the transformation process such as proliferation and invasion. We therefore sought to delineate the degree of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in breast cancer and potential links to upstream receptors such as VEGFR2, ErbB2, downstream targets, such as Ets-2, as well as clinico-pathological parameters, clinical outcome and response to tamoxifen. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a phospho-specific ERK1/2 antibody in three breast cancer cohorts including a total of 886 tumours arranged in tissue arrays.

Retinoblastoma protein function and p16INK4a expression in actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and links between p16INK4a expression and infiltrative behavior.

p16INK4a is involved in many important regulatory events in the cell and the expression and function is closely associated with the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Earlier, we have in colorectal cancer and in basal cell carcinoma showed that p16INK4a is upregulated at the invasive front causing cell cycle arrest in infiltrative tumor cells via a functional Rb. This role for p16INK4a as a regulator of proliferation when tumor cells infiltrate might besides a general cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitory effect explain why p16INK4a is deregulated in many tumor forms.

Invade or proliferate? Two contrasting events in malignant behavior governed by p16(INK4a) and an intact Rb pathway illustrated by a model system of basal cell carcinoma.

Using a highly infiltrative tumor type as basal cell carcinoma as the model system, we have examined the relation between invasive behavior and proliferation. Our results studying alterations in G(1)-S cell cycle regulatory proteins and proliferation in infiltrative cells were surprising and clearly indicated that invasion in tumors with an intact p16(INK4a)-cyclin D-retinoblastoma protein (Rb) pathway was equivalent to ceased proliferation. Using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting of microdissected parts of basal cell carcinomas, we showed that p16(INK4a) was up-regulated at the invasive front of the majority of basal cell carcinomas with infiltrative growth patterns, followed by ceased proliferation, as well as decreased phosphorylation of Rb.