Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been frequently used to explore changes in motor cortex excitability in stroke and traumatic brain injury, while the extent of motor cortex reorganization in patients with diffuse non-traumatic brain injury remains largely unknown.
Objective/hypothesis: It was hypothesized that the motor cortex excitability would be decreased and would correlate to the severity of brain injury and level of functioning in patients with anoxic, traumatic, and non-traumatic diffuse brain injury.
Methods: TMS was applied to primary motor cortices of 19 patients with brain injury (5 traumatic and 14 non-traumatic causes; on average four months after insult), and 9 healthy controls.