Objectives: To investigate the clinical and pathobiological significance of distinguishing score 0 and score 1+ within the group of immunohistochemistry (IHC)-negative invasive breast cancers.
Methods: We studied HER2 status using both IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 150 consecutive breast tumors submitted to our laboratory after a negative IHC result in local testing centers.
Results: We were able to discern a group of score 0 tumors that had a lower HER2 copy number than the group consisting of score 1+ tumors.
Several insect species seem to persist not only in permanent but also in temporary ponds where they face particularly harsh conditions and frequent extinctions. Under such conditions, gene flow may prevent local adaptation to temporary ponds and may promote phenotypic plasticity, or maintain apparent population persistence. The few empirical studies on insects suggest the latter mechanism, but no studies so far quantified gene flow including both pond types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe predominantly selfing slug species Arion (Carinarion) fasciatus, A. (C.) silvaticus and A.
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