Opiate- and cocaine-related fatal overdoses in Luxembourg from 1985 to 2011: a study on gender differences.

Background/aim: We analysed gender differences in national fatal overdose (FOD) cases related to opiates and cocaine use between 1985 and 2011 (n = 340).

Methods: Cross-examination of national data from law enforcement and drug use surveillance sources and of forensic evidence. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis of male/female differences according to sociodemographics, forensic evidence and drug use trajectories.