First report of a -producing extensively drug resistant ST437 in Italy.

Carbapenemase-producing strains (CP-Kps) have recently been observed to spread rapidly worldwide. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) producing clones of cause a significant healthcare burden, particularly in Indian sub-continent, where this clone is circulating widely. However, in Italy, data on the incidence of these new clones is limited, and an ST437 NDM-producing strain has not been reported to date.

Role of Breast Cancer Risk Estimation Models to Identify Women Eligible for Genetic Testing and Risk-Reducing Surgery.

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome is responsible for approximately 10% of breast cancers (BCs). The HBOC gene panel includes both high-risk genes, i.e.

Diagnostic performance of a point of care high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay and single measurement evaluation to rule out and rule in acute coronary syndrome.

Objectives: About 10 million individuals in USA presented annually in the emergency department (ED) with chest pain or with signs and symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The advent of point of care (POC) devices, able to measure high sensitivity troponin, are a very interesting tool in the ED setting for its rapid turnaround time (<10 min).

Methods: The present study evaluates the diagnostic performance of the Atellica VTLi (Siemens) in real life setting using the clinical data derived from integrated diagnoses of emergency room staff and cardiologist and in comparison with standard laboratory hs-cTnT assay (Cobas 8000, Elecsys, Roche).

Multi-approach methods to predict cryptic carbapenem resistance mechanisms in detected in Central Italy.

The rapid emergence of carbapenem-resistant () strains in diverse environmental niches, even outside of the clinical setting, poses a challenge for the detection and the real-time monitoring of novel antimicrobial resistance trends using molecular and whole genome sequencing-based methods. The aim of our study was to understand cryptic resistance determinants responsible for the phenotypic carbapenem resistance observed in strains circulating in Italy by using a combined approach involving whole genome sequencing (WGS) and genome-wide association study (GWAS). In this study, we collected 303 strains from inside and outside clinical settings between 2018-2022 in the Abruzzo region of Italy.

Role of the Molecular Tumor Board for the Personalized Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Focus on the State of the Art in Italy.

Molecular tumor boards (MTBs) are multidisciplinary groups that combine molecular and clinical data from cancer patients in order to formulate treatment recommendations for precision medicine. To date, there is insufficient data to support the use of singleplex or next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to select first-line therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), but considering the high number of level II alterations, according to the ESMO scale for clinical actionability of molecular targets (ESCAT), it is suggested to include patients in molecular screening programs in order to be able to offer targeted therapies for specific genomic alterations. This article aims at reviewing the most recent literature related to the most used methodologies/approaches for molecular diagnostics and variants' classification, summarizing the internationally published molecular screening studies in support of MTB activity and, in the end, discussing MTBs' current position and role in Italy, the number of which is increasing, also thanks to the thrust of institutions.

3D CT-Inclusive Deep-Learning Model to Predict Mortality, ICU Admittance, and Intubation in COVID-19 Patients.

Chest CT is a useful initial exam in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for assessing lung damage. AI-powered predictive models could be useful to better allocate resources in the midst of the pandemic. Our aim was to build a deep-learning (DL) model for COVID-19 outcome prediction inclusive of 3D chest CT images acquired at hospital admission.

Pleural empyema associated with alveolar-pleural fistulas in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Surgery in COVID-19 disease complicated by APF represents the last life-saving treatment option. The choice of the therapeutic period to indicate this approach is fundamental. In fact, the clinical stability of patient is necessary in order to allow single-lung ventilation and to minimize postoperative sequelae.

Clinical and Prognostic Features of Essential Thrombocythemia: Comparison of 2001 WHO Versus 2008/2016 WHO Criteria in a Large Single-center Cohort.

Background: According to 2008/2016 classification of the World Health Organization (WHO), a platelet (PLT) count ≥ 450 × 10/L, reduced from the previously published WHO 2001 indicated level ≥ 600 × 10/L, was considered the new PLT threshold for the diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia (ET).

Patients And Methods: To validate this important diagnostic change in a setting of current clinical practice, we retrospectively analyzed clinical and hematologic features at diagnosis and during follow-up of 162 patients with ET, diagnosed in our center from January 2008 to December 2017. We subdivided patients according to PLT value at baseline into Group A (PLT ≥ 600 × 10/L) (124 patients; 76.

Aplastic Anemia and Good Syndrome in a Heavily Treated Stage IV Thymoma Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Thymoma is an uncommon slowly growing neoplasm. It usually presents with paraneoplastic syndromes including the immunodeficiency syndrome called Good syndrome and hematological disorders. Pure red cell aplasia is a well-recognized complication of thymoma, and aplastic anemia is very rare in association with GS.

Ten-year outcome of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib in real life.

Imatinib, the first BCR/ABL kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), has changed the long-term outcome of patients affected by this disease. The aim of our analysis was to report, after a median follow-up of 10.2 years (range 5.

Diabetes and risk of cancer incidence: results from a population-based cohort study in northern Italy.

Background: Aim of this study was to compare cancer incidence in populations with and without diabetes by cancer site. Furthermore, we aimed at comparing excess risk of cancer according to diabetes type, diabetes duration and treatment, the latter as regards Type 2 diabetes.

Methods: By use of the Reggio Emilia diabetes registry we classified the resident population aged 20-84 at December 31 2009 into two groups: with and without diabetes.

Diagnostic values of glycated haemoglobin and diagnosis of diabetes: Results of a cross-sectional survey among general practitioners in the province of Reggio Emilia, Italy.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether subjects included in the diabetes register solely because their HbA1c was over the diagnostic threshold received a diagnosis of diabetes from their general practitioner (GP).

Methods: The study included all registered cases in 2009-2010 aged 18 or over that were identified only by the laboratory database because they had one or more HbA1c over the 6.5% threshold and for whom we did not find any information in the search of full electronic clinical records.

Sex differences in cardiovascular mortality in diabetics and nondiabetic subjects: a population-based study (Italy).

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of diabetes on cardiovascular mortality, focusing on sex differences. The inhabitants of Reggio Emilia province on December 31, 2009, aged 20-84 were followed up for three years for mortality. The exposure was determined using Reggio Emilia diabetes register.

Building a population-based diabetes register: an Italian experience.

Aims: To describe the methodology used to set up the Reggio Emilia (northern Italy) Diabetes Register. The prevalence estimates on December 31st, 2009 are also provided.

Methods: The Diabetes Register covers all residents in the Reggio Emilia province.

p66(ShcA): linking mammalian longevity with obesity-induced insulin resistance.

Traditionally linked to an accumulation of cell and tissue oxidative damage, the aging process is currently viewed as the result of a chronic metabolic imbalance and deranged body response to nutrients. This is in keeping with the pivotal role of the insulin/IGF pathway in longevity determination from model organisms to primates, with the association between obesity and age-related disorders, and with the dramatic acceleration of senescence by diabetes. Importantly, metabolic and oxidative damages concomitantly occur in aging as consequences of tissue hyperstimulation by insulin.

Monitoring nutrient signaling through the longevity protein p66(SHC¹).

Nutrient availability and nutrient-dependent biochemical signals represent major determinants of cellular senescence and organismal aging. The present chapter describes simple procedures to reliably evaluate the response of cultured cell to nutrients through the longevity protein p66(SHC1) and the mTOR/S6K cascade, which might be used to study cellular senescence and its chemical modulation by pharmaceutical agents in vitro.

A role for neuronal cAMP responsive-element binding (CREB)-1 in brain responses to calorie restriction.

Calorie restriction delays brain senescence and prevents neurodegeneration, but critical regulators of these beneficial responses other than the NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1) are unknown. We report that effects of calorie restriction on neuronal plasticity, memory and social behavior are abolished in mice lacking cAMP responsive-element binding (CREB)-1 in the forebrain. Moreover, CREB deficiency drastically reduces the expression of Sirt-1 and the induction of genes relevant to neuronal metabolism and survival in the cortex and hippocampus of dietary-restricted animals.

Nutrient withdrawal rescues growth factor-deprived cells from mTOR-dependent damage.

Deregulated nutrient signaling plays pivotal roles in body ageing and in diabetic complications; biochemical cascades linking energy dysmetabolism to cell damage and loss are still incompletely clarified, and novel molecular paradigms and pharmacological targets critically needed. We provide evidence that in the retrovirus-packaging cell line HEK293-T Phoenix, massive cell death in serum-free medium is remarkably prevented or attenuated by either glucose or aminoacid withdrawal, and by the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose. A similar protection was also elicited by interference with mitochondrial function, clearly suggesting involvement of energy metabolism in increased cell survival.

Mammalian life-span determinant p66shcA mediates obesity-induced insulin resistance.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome result from excess calorie intake and genetic predisposition and are mechanistically linked to type II diabetes and accelerated body aging; abnormal nutrient and insulin signaling participate in this pathologic process, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Mice lacking the p66 kDa isoform of the Shc adaptor molecule live longer and are leaner than wild-type animals, suggesting that this molecule may have a role in metabolic derangement and premature senescence by overnutrition. We found that p66 deficiency exerts a modest but significant protective effect on fat accumulation and premature death in lepOb/Ob mice, an established genetic model of obesity and insulin resistance; strikingly, however, p66 inactivation improved glucose tolerance in these animals, without affecting (hyper)insulinaemia and independent of body weight.

Role of the life span determinant P66(shcA) in ethanol-induced liver damage.

Mice lacking the 66 kDa isoform of the adapter molecule shcA (p66(shcA)) display increased resistance to oxidative stress and delayed aging. In cultured cell lines, p66 promotes formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in mitochondria, and apoptotic cell death in response to a variety of pro-oxidant noxious stimuli. As mitochondrial ROS and oxidative cell damage are clearly involved in alcohol-induced pathology, we hypothesized that p66 may also have a role in ethanol.

Bilirubin as an endogenous modulator of neurotrophin redox signaling.

Bilirubin is neurotoxic upon excess accumulation in the brain, but it also plays important physiological roles related to its antioxidant properties. Here we report that exposure of PC12 and primary rat cerebellar granule neurons to bilirubin (0.5-10 microM) drastically decreases nerve growth factor (NGF)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling to Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), indicating a direct interference of the molecule with crucial prosurvival signaling pathways.