: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) presents a complex diagnostic challenge in otolaryngology, compounded by its multifaceted nature and overlapping symptoms with chronic nasal disease. This article examines the intricacies of ETD diagnosis, emphasising the necessity for a consensus on diagnostic procedures. : A review of the literature was performed through the OVID research tool in the Pubmed/Medline databases to identify relevant articles that discuss eustachian tube dysfunction diagnostics as well as its correlation with chronic nasal disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg
December 2023
Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSNS) is a rare malignant tumour of the upper nasal cavity and ethmoid sinuses that presents predominantly in middle aged female patients and show a characteristic infiltrative and hypercellular proliferation of spindle cells that demonstrate a specific immunoreactivity. We present three cases with BSNS that had different presenting complaints, either sinonasal or orbital problems, underwent endoscopic surgical treatment and/or radiotherapy and have been disease free on long follow up. A systematic review of all published cases was performed to identify all BSNS cases known at present.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUlcerative necrotic supraglottitis is a rare entity of laryngeal infection leading rapidly in laryngeal necrosis, systematic complications and potentially fatal outcomes. We present a case of a 50-year-old gentleman with ulcerative necrotising supraglottitis and no co-morbidities who presented in Ear Nose and Throat Service in the Accident and Emergency department due to dysphagia and weakness. He was treated with an emergency tracheostomy with neck exploration and washout and received appropriate supporting antibiotic regime.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate gain and refixation saccades (covert and overt) using a video head impulse test (vHIT) in the horizontal and vertical planes in patients after the onset of unilateral acute vestibular neuritis (AVN). Thirty-five patients were examined in the acute stage of AVN and at follow-up (range, 6-30 months); a control group of 32 healthy subjects also participated. At onset, the mean gain was significantly lower on the affected side in all of the semi-circular canal planes, mainly in the horizontal canal plane, and saccades (covert and overt) were more prevalent in the horizontal compared to the vertical canal planes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg Case Rep
July 2022
Background: Neurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours, formed by a wide variety of different kinds of cells and matrixes. Airway neurofibromas are extremely rare and minimal cases have been described in the literature. Endoscopic surgical removal is considered challenging due to the infiltrating character of the lesion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of iron oxide (Fe) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on ram semen. A skim milk extender without antibiotics was used as a diluent of 21 ejaculates (8 rams; 2-3 ejaculates/ram). The groups of control (C; semen without NPs), Fe NPs (3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis the most common mastitis-related pathogen in dairy cattle, goats, and sheep worldwide. However, the population structure and genomic characteristics of mastitis-associated in small ruminants are limited. Furthermore, the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics involved in the pathogenicity of .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study examined the effect of FeO nanoparticles on boar semen. Beltsville thawing solution without antibiotics was used to extend ejaculates from 5 boars (4 ejaculates/boar). Semen samples of control group (C) and group with FeO (Fe; 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Rectal duplication cysts are rare gastrointestinal congenital duplicate cysts with various clinical presentations that require different management.
Case Presentation: We present a case of a lady with a double rectal duplicate cyst which was found incidentally on a follow-up CT abdomen and pelvis scan. The patient initially had a mucocele excision, and following that, she had a non-contrast CT abdomen and pelvis to investigate post-operative pain.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a neuroinflammatory response resulting in astrocyte and microglia activation at the lesion site. This involves upregulation of neuroinflammatory genes, including chemokines and interleukins. However, so far, there is lack of knowledge on transcription factors (TFs) modulating this TBI-associated gene expression response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStress experience modulates behavior, metabolism, and energy expenditure of organisms. One molecular hallmark of an acute stress response is a rapid induction of immediate early genes (IEGs) such as c-Fos and Egr family members. IEG transcription in neurons is mediated by the neuronal activity-driven gene regulator serum response factor (SRF).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFingolimod (FTY720) is a new generation oral treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). So far, FTY720 was mainly considered to target trafficking of immune cells but not brain cells such as neurons. Herein, we analyzed FTY720's potential to directly alter neuronal function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The prevalence of speech-language impairments in children have been estimated for several languages, primarily in developed countries. However, prevalence data is lacking for developing countries, such as Nepal.
Aims: (1) To obtain teacher estimates of incidence and overall prevalence of speech-language impairments and its subtypes as a function of gender, age and grade level; and (2) to validate the screening instrument on Nepalese children.
The serum response factor (SRF) is a neuronal activity regulated transcription factor (TF) mediating an immediate early (IEGs, e.g. cFos, Egr1) and actin cytoskeletal gene response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn multiple sclerosis (MS), neurons in addition to inflammatory cells are now considered to mediate disease origin and progression. So far, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuronal MS contributions are poorly understood. Herein we analyzed whether neuron-restricted signaling by the neuroprotective transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) modulates de- and remyelination in a rodent MS model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring brain development, growth cones respond to attractive and repulsive axon guidance cues. How growth cones integrate guidance instructions is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a link between BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), promoting axonal branching and ephrin-A5, mediating axonal repulsion via Eph receptor tyrosine kinase activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClass IIa bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are small, cationic proteins with antilisterial activity. Within this class, the pediocins are those bacteriocins that share a highly conserved hydrophilic and charged N-terminal part harboring the consensus sequence -YGNGV- and a more variable hydrophobic and/or amphiphilic C-terminal part. Several pediocins have been isolated and characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA direct plate bioassay procedure was applied for rapid and quantifiable assessment of the influence of various nutritional parameters on pediocin production by Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B5627. Solid-state cultivation of the microorganism was done on MRS-based media over 3-and 6-hours incubation periods. Nutritional parameters assessed included the carbon source (glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, glycerol), and various salts (NH(4)PO(4), CaCl(2), KH(2)PO(4), MnSO(4).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFermentation broths of Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B5627 exhibited a certain antimicrobial activity due to a bacteriocin produced during early growth and until the stationary phase of growth was reached (at optimum of 60% dissolved oxygen saturation). Its size was determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis as 3.660 kDa.
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