- Ovarian dysgerminoma (OD) is a rare and generally favorable type of germ cell tumor in young women, representing 1%-2% of malignant ovarian tumors, often developing in dysgenetic gonads.
- Diagnosis of OD is primarily histological, but certain imaging characteristics, like a large, unilateral solid tumor with enhancing septa, can suggest its presence.
- Elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels can aid in diagnosis and monitoring, but recognizing other similar conditions is crucial for accurate imaging interpretation and effective treatment.
Low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) is a rare type of ovarian cancer that makes up 5% of epithelial neoplasms and has unique molecular and clinical features compared to high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC).
Distinguishing LGSC from other ovarian tumors is crucial for treatment planning, and while this is typically done through histology, imaging techniques can help in accurately staging and following up on the disease.
Radiological characteristics of LGSC, such as mixed lesions, calcified psammoma bodies, and specific MRI enhancements, are essential for diagnosis and can assist radiologists in narrowing down differential diagnoses related to ovarian cancer.
Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare and benign soft tissue lesion, characterized by a "whorled" or "layering" appearance on T2-weighted and post-gadolinium magnetic resonance.