[Weigth Loss in a Neonate- A Case of Hypoaldosteronism].

The Neonatal weight loss is a common problem which most physicians who take care of newborns should recognise. The most common reason is insufficient dietary intake. However the reason can also be an underlying disease.

[Graves' disease in children and adolescents in Iceland].

Introduction: Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies cause an increase in the production of thyroid hormones, and is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in children. Symptoms in children are often more obscure than in adults. The aim of the study is to assess the incidence of Graves' disease in children and adolescents in Iceland over the span of two decades (2001-2021), and furthermore to investigate if the incidence rate has increased, as well as to describe treatment options and disease recurrence.

Association between local neuroretinal function and control of adolescent type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: To evaluate associations between neuroretinal function measured with multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and disease variables in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and no retinopathy.

Methods: Fundus photographs, blood glucose (BG) concentration, HbA1c, and monocular mfERG were performed on 115 adolescent patients (mean age ± SD; 15.7 ± 1.

Interocular symmetry of abnormal multifocal electroretinograms in adolescents with diabetes and no retinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate, in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and no retinopathy, the spatial correspondence between abnormal multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) responses in the two eyes.

Methods: mfERG and fundus photographs were measured in both eyes of 68 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and no retinopathy (13 to 19 years old; best corrected visual acuity ≥ 20/20), and 30 age-matched controls. The mfERG stimulus was comprised of 103 hexagons, and subtended 45°.

[Rickets in a child].

Vitamin D is necessary for normal bone growth. Deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. It is difficult to reach the recommended daily dose of vitamin D in children without cod liver oil or other vitamin D supplementation.

Early neural and vascular changes in the adolescent type 1 and type 2 diabetic retina.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study examines the existence and frequency of functional and structural abnormalities in the adolescent Type 1 diabetic retina. We also compare the results with those of adolescents with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Thirty-two adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (5.

Adolescents with Type 2 diabetes: early indications of focal retinal neuropathy, retinal thinning, and venular dilation.

Purpose: The eye provides a unique window into the neural and vascular health of a patient with diabetes. The present study is the first of its kind to examine the neural retinal function, structure, and retinal vascular health in adolescents with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Focal neural responses from 103 discrete retinal regions of the eye were tested using multifocal electroretinography.