Cortisol secretion in obesity revisited: lower basal serum and salivary cortisol with diminished cortisol response to the low dose ACTH challenge.

Context: Some clinical resemblance may exist between obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, and Cushing's syndrome. This has stimulated ongoing interest in the role of cortisol's secretion pattern, control and metabolism in obesity.

Goals: To investigate whether basal and stimulated levels of cortisol differ between healthy people with obesity and individuals with normal weight Design: Total, free, and salivary cortisol were tested at baseline state and after 1 g ACTH stimulation in 60 healthy subjects with obesity and 54 healthy lean controls.

Sexually dimorphic oxytocin circuits drive intragroup social conflict and aggression in wild house mice.

In nature, both males and females engage in competitive aggressive interactions to resolve social conflicts, yet the behavioral principles guiding such interactions and their underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Through circuit manipulations in wild mice, we unveil oxytocin-expressing (OT) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) as a neural hub governing behavior in dyadic and intragroup social conflicts, influencing the degree of behavioral sexual dimorphism. We demonstrate that OT PVN neurons are essential and sufficient in promoting aggression and dominance hierarchies, predominantly in females.

Sublingual Estradiol Offers No Apparent Advantage Over Combined Oral Estradiol and Cyproterone Acetate for Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy of Treatment-Naive Trans Women: Results of a Prospective Pilot Study.

Purpose: Chronic gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) with sublingual estradiol (SLE) has not been studied. We aimed to compare GAHT with SLE only, to combined oral (CO) estradiol and cyproterone acetate, in treatment-naive trans women.

Methods: Twenty-two trans women enrolled into either the CO arm or the SLE-only arm (0.

Dysglycemia in non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNET): Further insights into an under recognized entity.

Objective: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare, but their incidence has risen significantly in recent years. Whereas diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized in association with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, it has not been well-characterized concerning non-functioning (NF)-PNETs.Study aim to determine whether NF-PNETs are associated with DM/ Pre-DM and characterize the features of this putative association.

Sex-dependent control of pheromones on social organization within groups of wild house mice.

Dominance hierarchy is a fundamental social phenomenon in a wide range of mammalian species, critically affecting fitness and health. Here, we investigate the role of pheromone signals in the control of social hierarchies and individual personalities within groups of wild mice. For this purpose, we combine high-throughput behavioral phenotyping with computational tools in freely interacting groups of wild house mice, males and females, in an automated, semi-natural system.

A Lymph Node Ratio Model for Prognosis of Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic value of lymph node (LN) involvement and the LN ratio (LNR) and their effect on recurrence rates and survival in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) undergoing surgery. This single-center retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 95 consecutive patients diagnosed with PNETs who underwent surgery at our medical center between 1997 and 2017. The retrieved information included patient demographics, pathology reports, treatments, and oncological outcomes.

Endocrinology specialty service for inpatients: an unmet growing need.

Background: There is recent concern regarding the documented mismatch between demand and supply, vis-à-vis the growing need for trained endocrinologists unmet by parallel rise in the world workforce of endocrinologist. Due to the increasing complexity of disease in inpatients, in recent years we have experienced a growing demand for inpatient endocrine consults. Surprisingly, the need for the endocrinology subspecialty in the overall care of inpatients in the current setting of general hospitals has received little attention.

Sperm parameters in Israeli transgender women before and after cryopreservation.

Background: The application of fertility preservation, initially intended for oncological patients prior to gonadotoxic treatment, has extended in recent years to transgender and gender-non-conforming individuals undergoing therapy for gender compatibility.

Objectives: To examine semen quality and survival in transgender women pursuing semen cryopreservation in the presence or absence of gender-affirming hormonal medication.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed data of 74 consecutive transgender women presenting for semen cryopreservation at a single center between 2000 and 2019.

Why fertility preservation rates of transgender men are much lower than those of transgender women.

Research Question: What are the fertility preservation rates of transgender women and transgender men, and what are the factors that affect their decision-making?

Design: This prospective study included 97 transgender women and 91 transgender men referred to the Gender Clinic of the study medical centre's Endocrinology Institute and to the Gan Meir Community Health Care Centre. The responders completed a 28-item questionnaire during 2018.

Results: Most of the transgender women and transgender men wished to parent a child (67.

Transgender men's preferences when choosing obstetricians and gynecologists.

Background: Transgender men are a marginalized population with unique health care needs. However, their usage of health services is low because of considerable discrimination. A major factor in their avoidance is patient-provider interactions.

Impaired aldosterone response to ACTH without hypoaldosteronism: An unrecognized secretory pattern in search of clinical implications.

Context: Aldosterone has been recently characterized as a 'stress hormone'. Stress per se elicits a sizable rise in aldosterone secretion, which could be replicated by the administration of a low dose (0.03-1 μg, IV) of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Functional ovarian reserve in transgender men receiving testosterone therapy: evidence for preserved anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count under prolonged treatment.

Study Question: Is the functional ovarian reserve in transgender men affected by testosterone therapy?

Summary Answer: Serum anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels slightly decrease during testosterone treatment but remain within the normal range, suggesting preserved follicular ovarian reserve.

What Is Known Already: Few small studies have investigated the impact of gender-affirming treatment on reproduction in transgender men. Conflicting results were reached concerning ovarian morphology and AMH levels in this context.

Do all mice smell the same? Chemosensory cues from inbred and wild mouse strains elicit stereotypic sensory representations in the accessory olfactory bulb.

Background: For many animals, chemosensory cues are vital for social and defensive interactions and are primarily detected and processed by the vomeronasal system (VNS). These cues are often inherently associated with ethological meaning, leading to stereotyped behaviors. Thus, one would expect consistent representation of these stimuli across different individuals.

Low-Dose Cyproterone Acetate Treatment for Transgender Women.

Background: Transgender women with intact gonads receive lifelong hormonal treatment to suppress physiologic androgen production, the optimal efficacious and safe cyproterone acetate (CPA) dose has not been established.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness and safety of low-dose (10-20 mg/day) compared with high-dose (50-100 mg/day) CPA treatment.

Methods: We conducted a historical cohort study of transgender women treated at a tertiary center for transgender health.

Comparison of Equations Estimating Resting Metabolic Rate in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Measuring resting metabolic rate (RMR) is time-consuming and expensive, and thus various equations for estimating RMR have been developed. This study's objective was to compare five equations in elderly people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). RMR was measured in 90 older adults (≥65 years) with T2DM (mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.

The social network: Neural control of sex differences in reproductive behaviors, motivation, and response to social isolation.

Social animal species present a vast repertoire of social interactions when encountering conspecifics. Reproduction-related behaviors, such as mating, parental care, and aggression, are some of the most rewarding types of social interactions and are also the most sexually dimorphic ones. This review focuses on rodent species and summarizes recent advances in neuroscience research that link sexually dimorphic reproductive behaviors to sexual dimorphism in their underlying neuronal circuits.

Differential Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Suppressive Agents in Transgender Women.

Objective: Suppression of testosterone secretion and/or action in transgender women using cyproterone acetate (CPA), spironolactone, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GA) is achieved through various mechanisms. Our objective was to characterize possible differential effects of these compounds on metabolic and endocrine variables.

Methods: We conducted a historic cohort study of transgender patients treated in a tertiary referral center.

Insulin-degrading enzyme higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is comprised of a cluster of abnormalities in glucose, lipid, and vascular homeostasis, which is most commonly linked to abdominal obesity. MS heralds increased risk for development of diabetes and is linked to impairment in insulin signaling. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is one of the mechanisms through which insulin blood levels are maintained.

The Nasopalatine Ducts Are Required for Proper Pheromone Signaling in Mice.

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) specializes in detection of chemosignals, mainly pheromones, which control social communication and reproduction in many mammals. These pheromones must solubilize with nasal fluids before entering the VNO, and it was suggested that they are delivered to and cleared from the VNO by active pumping. Yet, the details of this pheromone delivery process are unclear.

Components of metabolic syndrome in patients with multiple myeloma and smoldering multiple myeloma.

Background: The prevalences of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, both of which are components of metabolic syndrome, are known to be increased among patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but remain undetermined among patients with smoldering MM (SMM).

Methods: Changes in various components of metabolic syndrome were investigated during the follow-up of patients with either MM or SMM compared to healthy controls. The data of 153 patients (105 with MM and 48 with SMM) and 138 controls were accessed from our medical center's records between 2008 and 2015.

The effect of circuit resistance training, empagliflozin or "vegeterranean diet" on physical and metabolic function in older subjects with type 2 diabetes: a study protocol for a randomized control trial (CEV-65 trial).

Background: Treatment of the older diabetic individual comprises a therapeutic challenge. Currently little scientific evidence exists depicting the best approach to type 2 diabetes treatment in this growing sub-population of patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of a modified plant-based Mediterranean diet ("vegeterranean" diet), circuit resistance training (CRT) and empagliflozin, separately or in combination, on body composition and physical function in older subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Increment in Dietary Potassium Predicts Weight Loss in the Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: In the treatment of obesity/metabolic syndrome, dietary measures traditionally focus on reducing carbohydrate/fat-related caloric intake. The possibility that changes in potassium consumption may be related to the achieved weight loss has not been previously explored.

Methods: Sixty-eight participants, with a mean age of 51.