Frequent Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Correlated to Better Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic disease in children, with several severe short and long-term complications. Glycemic control is an important aspect of diabetes management with the most influential factor being compliance with self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). Mostly, in Indonesia, the finger stick devices as a glucose monitoring tool were frequently used.

SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating during the first wave of the pandemic in North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Objectives: To determine the lineage distribution of the virus during the first wave of the pandemic in North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Methods: A total of 20 samples with positive results based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were selected for virus culture and then performed whole-genome sequence analysis using next-generation sequencing which was applied by the Illumina MiSeq instrument.

Results: Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed that the majority of our samples belong to lineages B.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 C1858T gene polymorphism in children with down syndrome and autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AIT) is a frequent comorbidity in Down Syndrome (DS). Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non- Receptor Type 22 C1858T (PTPN-22 C1858T) gene polymorphisms have a role in the progression of AIT. The study on PTPN- 22 C1858T gene polymorphism as the risk factor of AIT in DS children is still limited.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 +49A/G polymorphism in Down syndrome children with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Thyroid dysfunction is the most common endocrine disorder in Down syndrome (DS) children. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is one of the immune regulatory genes that correlates with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). However, studies on CTLA-4 +49A/G in DS children with HT are still limited.

How Effective is Angiotensin II in Decreasing Mortality of Vasodilatory Shock? A Systematic Review.

Background: Patients with severe vasodilation accompanied by refractory hypotension despite high doses of vasopressors were associated with a high mortality rate. The Ang-2 for the Treatment of High-Output Shock (ATHOS) 3 trial demonstrated that angiotensin 2 (Ang-2) could effectively increase MAP and blood pressure in vasodilatory shock patients. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of Ang-2 for the treatment of vasodilatory shock on clinical outcomes, including length of stay, MAP level (before and after), and mortality also Ang-2 dose needed.

The Correlations of Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Cardiac Function and Hemodynamics in Pediatric Septic Shock.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the correlations of human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) on cardiac function and hemodynamics in pediatric septic shock.

Patients And Methods: We conducted an observational and prospective study on 30 children with septic shock. Measurement of the level of human atrial natriuretic peptide was determined in the serum of patients.

Osteoblast iron genes: real time PCR and microarray hybridization approach under hyperoxia.

Objectives: Iron is essential for cell growth, differentiation, electron transfer, and oxygen transport. Hyperoxia may increase the turnover of bone matrix components with a net effect of accelerated bone growth. Although hyperoxia was claimed could increase osteoblast activity, but expression level in possible genes which play role in proliferation is still unclear.

Isolation and identification of a flavonoid compound and lipid-lowering properties of .

Cogon grass () of the Gramineae family is found abundantly in nature, and the roots of this plant possess several beneficial biological properties. The present study aimed to isolate and identify flavonoid compounds from cogon grass roots and examine their potential as hypocholesterolemic agents. The flavonoid compound was isolated using a maceration method, followed by gravity column chromatography until a pure compound was obtained.

Meta-analysis: Association between hepatitis B virus preS mutation and hepatocellular carcinoma risk.

Previous observational studies suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS mutation plays an important role in the existence of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the results are still debatable. With an increasing number of studies about this topic, this study employed a meta-analysis to identify the association between HBV preS mutation and HCC risk.

The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species on apoptosis and necroptosis state of macrophages derived from active pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

Objective: The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species in tuberculosis (TB) infection in human is still questioned. The aim of this study was to determine whether M. tuberculosis and M.

Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A outbreaks in two districts in Indonesia in 2018: Same subtype, but different strains.

The present study aimed to analyse molecular epidemiological data from hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks in two affected areas. The association between the knowledge of hepatitis A and incidence of infection was also determined. Serum samples were obtained from 88 individuals with clinical manifestations of acute hepatitis in Lamongan (n=54) in January 2018 and Bangkalan (n=34) in March 2018.

The Emergence of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations Among Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Individuals in Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia.

Background: the global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the primary factor contributing to the decline in deaths from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illnesses. However, the emergence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) compromises the effects of ART in treatment-naïve individuals, which may hinder treatment success. The present study aimed to identify the presence of TDR among treatment-naive individuals in Buleleng, Bali, which is currently ranked sixth among Indonesian provinces with the highest cumulative human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection cases.

Association between host TNF-α, TGF-β1, p53 polymorphisms, HBV X gene mutation, HBV viral load and the progression of HBV-associated chronic liver disease in Indonesian patients.

In developing countries, including Indonesia, there is a high mortality rate associated with the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated chronic liver disease (CLD). The pathogenesis of HBV infection is influenced by viral and host factors. To determine potential associations between these factors, host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on TNF-α, TGF-β1 and p53, HBV X gene mutation and HBV viral load were investigated in patients with HBV-associated CLD in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Association between quasispecies variants of hepatitis B virus, as detected by high‑throughput sequencing, and progression of advanced liver disease in Indonesian patients.

Mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) X region and truncation of the preS2 region are well‑known to affect the progression of liver disease. Recently, it has been observed that an increasing number of S region quasispecies variants are associated with disease progression. However, few studies have analysed quasispecies of the whole genome using high‑throughput sequencing methods.

Growth differentiation factor 9 concentration in the follicular fluid of infertile women with endometriosis.

This study evaluated the level of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) in the follicular fluid of infertile women with endometriosis. The presence of GDF-9 in follicular fluid of preovulatory follicle was confirmed by Western blotting method in the band of 53 kDa, and GDF-9 concentration in women with severe endometriosis was lower than in those without.