Incidences of vaccine-preventable Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia and meningitis in Indonesian children: hamlet-randomised vaccine-probe trial.

Background: Most studies of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in Asia have found low rates, and few Asian countries use Hib vaccine in routine immunisation programmes. Whether Hib disease truly is rare or whether many cases remain undetected is unclear.

Methods: To estimate incidences of vaccine-preventable Hib pneumonia and meningitis among children younger than 2 years in Lombok, Indonesia, during 1998-2002, we undertook a hamlet-randomised, controlled, double-blind vaccine-probe study (818 hamlets).

Case fatality proportions and predictive factors for mortality among children hospitalized with severe pneumonia in a rural developing country setting.

Few large studies have evaluated risk factors for mortality among children hospitalized for pneumonia and this may contribute to suboptimal case management efficiency. To identify useful screening criteria for mortality among children hospitalized for pneumonia in a developing country setting, we conducted a population-based hospital cohort study among children less than 2 years of age admitted for pneumonia during 1999-2001 at one of three major hospitals on Lombok Island, Indonesia. Of 4351 children admitted for pneumonia, 12 per cent died before discharge.

Acute respiratory illness incidence and death among children under two years of age on Lombok Island, Indonesia.

No childhood pneumonia incidence data for Indonesia exist, and few data exist for Asia as a whole. From February 1, 1998, to January 31, 1999, we conducted acute respiratory illness (ARI) surveillance among children < 24 months of age in 50 mainly rural villages on Lombok Island, Indonesia. The total number of child-years at risk during the study period was 17,015.