Evaluation of short-course for private doctors in managing children tuberculosis as part of a public-private mix in Surabaya, Indonesia.

This study aimed to improve the private doctor's role in discovering and managing cases of childhood tuberculosis (TB) according to the Directly Observed Treatment Short-course program. This quasi-experimental study with a pre-post design described 75 private doctors (intervention group) who assisted over two months in finding suspected TB children and 75 private doctors (control group). This study used descriptive quantitative data analysis.

Implication of Negative GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampicin Results in Suspected Tuberculosis Patients: A Research Study.

Objective: GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) is a conceptually helpful tool for establishing tuberculosis (TB) disease. Negative results from the GeneXpert test do not exclude the possibility of diagnosing non-tuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTMLD) as a chronic pulmonary disease. When a patient is diagnosed on a clinical basis, and there is no bacteriological evidence of TB, it is necessary to consider NTM as one of the causes of disease with TB-like symptoms.

Comparison of Individual Regimen Containing Bedaquiline with Delamanid and Bedaquiline without Delamanid on Efficacy and Safety in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients: Implementation in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Indonesia.

Background: Bedaquiline is one of the core drugs used to treat multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Delamanid is one of the companion drugs in group C which is used to complete the treatment regimen when drugs in groups A and B can not be used. This study was conducted to analyze the efficacy and safety between individual regimens containing bedaquiline with delamanid and bedaquiline without delamanid.

Pulmonary and intestinal tuberculosis with COVID-19 complicated with fluidopneumothorax and colovesical fistula: The importance of diagnosis complexity in line with clinical setting.

The complication of hydropneumothorax and colovesical fistula is rare, especially in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19. This particular situation poses a management difficulty, and can significantly threaten the patient's life without a clear diagnosis and timely treatment. We report a 28-year-old woman with pulmonary and intestinal TB with COVID-19 complicated with hydropneumothorax and colovesical fistula (CVF) which worsened her condition.

Effectiveness and safety of regimen containing bedaquiline and delamanid in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Background: Bedaquiline and delamanid have been included in the individualized treatment regimen (ITR) to treat patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB).

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of sputum culture conversion and the safety of ITR containing bedaquiline and delamanid.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from medical records of DR-TB patients who received ITR between January 2020 and December 2021.

The Profile of Multidrug Tuberculosis Regimen and Treatment Outcomes in Pulmonary MDR-TB Patients at the Tertiary Referral Hospital Dr. Soetomo, East Java, Indonesia: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study on Bedaquiline.

Background: The use of bedaquiline has been reported to minimize the number of lost to follow-up and fewer rejections from the patients. This study is the first to depict the use of bedaquiline. It aims to provide information related to the profile of the MDR-TB drug regimen in the last 7 years with the treatment outcomes of pulmonary MDR-TB patients at a tertiary referral hospital in East Java.

- POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC FIGURE POTENTIAL FOR DETERMINING DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS.

Background: TB lymphadenitis is still a problem that needs serious treatment. In Indonesia, it was reported that 53% of TB cases were extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with the most cases being Lymphadenitis TB, 11.6%.

Baseline glycated hemoglobin and potassium level correlated with pretreatment QT-corrected interval among patients with diabetic drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Background: Bedaquiline is a core drug with an optimized background regimen for treating drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients. One of the adverse effects of bedaquiline is QT-corrected (QTc) interval prolongation. TB patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to develop QTc interval prolongation during TB treatment than those without DM.

Mental Health Status and Its Associated Factors Related to Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Primary Health Care Centre in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Background: Mental disorders in TB patients are due to long-term treatment, drug side effects, and relapse. This study aimed to analyse the mental health status among TB patients and its associated factors.

Methods: The study was carried out on 107 Pulmonary TB patients from 5 Primary Healthcare centres in Surabaya, Indonesia.

- gene profile of bedaquiline-treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the referral hospital Dr. Soetomo, Indonesia.

Background: The atpE gene is a target for bedaquiline (Bdq)-activating drug action and mutations in the gene are fixed to cause resistance. However, changes in the amino acid of ATPase have been little reported from a clinical setting since it was first used in 2015 in Indonesia. This study aims to observe the sequence of nucleotide and amino acid from rifampicin-resistant (RR) pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, both new and relapse cases treated with Bdq.

Characteristics of Previous Tuberculosis Treatment History in Patients with Treatment Failure and the Impact on Acquired Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment failure is a health burden, as the patient remains a source of infection and may lead to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). Information from cases of treatment failure that develop into MDR, which is related to a history of previous TB treatment, in accordance with the pharmacokinetic aspect, is one important thing to prevent TB treatment failure and to prevent drug resistance. This was an observational descriptive study in an acquired MDR-TB patient who had a prior history of treatment failure.

Favorable outcome of individual regimens containing bedaquiline and delamanid in drug-resistant tuberculosis: A systematic review.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a public health concern that is difficult to treat, requiring long and complex treatment with highly effective drugs. Bedaquiline and/or delamanid have already shown promising outcomes in patients with DR-TB, increasing the rate of culture conversion and lowering TB-related mortality.

Methods: We comprehensively searched and evaluated the effectiveness of individual regimens containing bedaquiline and delamanid on culture conversion and treatment success.

Development of population pharmacokinetics model and Bayesian estimation of rifampicin exposure in Indonesian patients with tuberculosis.

Background: Interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs is the leading cause of treatment failure. Herein, we evaluated the influence of demographic, clinical, and genetic factors that cause variability in RIF PK parameters in Indonesian TB patients.

Methods: In total, 210 Indonesian patients with TB (300 plasma samples) were enrolled in this study.

Line probe assay test in new cases of tuberculosis with rifampicin resistance not detected by Xpert MTB/RIF.

Background: In Indonesia, the National guideline for tuberculosis only recommended taking the DST to check INH resistance only for re-treatment cases of rifampicin-susceptible TB (RS-TB) detected by Xpert MTB/RIF. This study was conducted mainly to evaluate the proportion of isoniazid resistance in new cases of RS-TB according to the Xpert MTB/RIF.

Methods: This was an observational descriptive study in RS-TB new patients diagnosed by Xpert MTB/RIF.

Scoping review: QT interval prolongation in regimen containing bedaquiline and delamanid in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Background: A regimen containing bedaquiline-delamanid is recommended in management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR TB) to increase a success rate. However, this regimen was rare in a clinical setting due to a potential risk of QT prolongation. Several studies have reported the incidence of QT prolongation after administration of this regimen, but the results are inconsistent due to different sample size, study design, and covariate.

Proposed Algorithm for Integrated Management of TB-SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infection in a TB-Endemic Country.

Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 have become significant health problems globally, especially in countries with high prevalence. Therefore, this research aims to examine all possibilities and predict the impact of TB-SARS-CoV-2 co-infection to anticipate the cascade effect of both diseases in all sectors. The conceptual strategy of the algorithm in TB-COVID-19 is needed to create an integrated management system.

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Background: The drug regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has lower potency, is more costly, and has a greater risk of adverse effects than first-line anti-TB drugs. We aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of patients using standard shorter regimen (STR regimen) versus bedaquiline (BDQ)-containing individual regimen in a high TB-burden setting.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from the medical records in the hospital.

Validity of automated audiometry for hearing examination in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

: The objective of this study was to test the validity of automated audiometry as a method of hearing examination in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. : This was a cross-sectional comparative study with a retrospective approach, using patient medical records. Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) were recruited based-on medical records that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Pulmonology outpatient unit, then referred to the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient unit of the Dr.

Prolonged ICU Stay in Severe and Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients Who Received Convalescent Plasma Therapy.

Background: Convalescent plasma administration in severe and critically-ill COVID-19 patients have been proven to not provide improvement in patients' outcome, yet it is still widely used in countries with limited resources due to its high availability and safety. This study aims to investigate its effects on ICU mortality, ICU length of stay (LoS), and improvement of oxygen support requirements.

Methods: Data of all severe and critically-ill patients in our COVID-19 ICU was collected retrospectively between May and November 2020.

The Role of Simple Blood Tests and a Modified Chest X-Ray Scoring System in Assessing the Severity Disease and Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Patients in a Secondary Hospital, Indonesia.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of mortality cases and significant incremental costs to the healthcare system. Examination of CRP and D-dimer were considered to have higher costs, and the use of simple hematological parameters such as lymphocyte, neutrophil, and white blood cell (WBC) which have more affordable costs would be cost-saving. Radiological imaging complements clinical evaluation and laboratory parameters for managing COVID-19 patients.

Comparison Epidemiology between Tuberculosis and COVID-19 in East Java Province, Indonesia: An Analysis of Regional Surveillance Data in 2020.

Tuberculosis and COVID-19 are among the infectious diseases that constitute a public health concern. Therefore, this study aims to examine the recent epidemiology of tuberculosis and COVID-19 in East Java Province, Indonesia, in 2020. Case-based surveillance data were acquired with a retrospective design between January and December 2020 by the East Java Health Officer.

Moxifloxacin concentration correlate with QTc interval in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients on shorter treatment regimens.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) continues to be a global threat. Moxifloxacin is one of the components of the shorter treatment regimen which is suspected to increase the risk of QT prolongation, although it is also likely to be the most effective against DR-TB. A study to evaluate the correlation between the concentration of moxifloxacin and QTc interval in RR-TB patients who received shorter regimens is needed.

Simple tuberculosis screening tool using signs, symptoms, and risk factors to reduce the missed opportunity in the older population.

Background: There is a growing concern on how to increase tuberculosis (TB) case detection in resource-poor settings. The healthcare facilities routinely providing services to the elderly for chronic diseases often failed to detect TB cases, causing a missed opportunity. This study aimed to develop a simple and sensitive screening tool using signs, symptoms, and risk factors for TB case detection in the elderly.

Correlation of Moxifloxacin Concentration, C-Reactive Protein, and Inflammatory Cytokines on QTc Interval in Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Treated with Shorter Regimens.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a global health concern. QTc prolongation is a serious adverse effect in DR-TB patients receiving a shorter regimen. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of moxifloxacin concentration, CRP, and inflammatory cytokines with QTc interval in DR-TB patients treated with a shorter regimen.

Development of population pharmacokinetics model of isoniazid in Indonesian patients with tuberculosis.

Objectives: No population pharmacokinetics (PK) model of isoniazid (INH) has been reported for the Indonesian population with tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, we aimed to develop a population PK model to optimize pharmacotherapy of INH on the basis of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) implementation in Indonesian patients with TB.

Materials And Methods: INH concentrations, N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotypes, and clinical data were collected from Dr.