Spatial exploration and navigation in Down syndrome and Williams syndrome.

We know little about the ability to explore and navigate large-scale space for people with intellectual disability (ID). In this cross-syndrome study, individuals with Down syndrome (DS), individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and typically developing children (TD; aged 5-11 years) explored virtual environments with the goal of learning where everything was within the environment (Experiment 1) or to find six stars (Experiment 2). There was little difference between the WS and DS groups when the goal was simply to learn about the environment with no specific destination to be reached (Experiment 1); both groups performed at a level akin to a subset of TD children of a similar level of non-verbal ability.

Overweight and Obesity in the French Army.

Introduction: Today, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is, respectively, 49% and 17% among French adults. This research investigates their existence in the French Armed Forces, in terms of the impact on military operative response and military readiness. As no previous studies have evaluated the weight status of the whole French Armed Forces, this work assesses the situation for the first time in France.

The unusual structure of Ruminococcin C1 antimicrobial peptide confers clinical properties.

The emergence of superbugs developing resistance to antibiotics and the resurgence of microbial infections have led scientists to start an antimicrobial arms race. In this context, we have previously identified an active RiPP, the Ruminococcin C1, naturally produced by E1, a symbiont of the healthy human intestinal microbiota. This RiPP, subclassified as a sactipeptide, requires the host digestive system to become active against pathogenic Clostridia and multidrug-resistant strains.

Temporin-SHa and Its Analogs as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of .

is one of the most prevalent pathogens colonizing 50% of the world's population and causing gastritis and gastric cancer. Even with triple and quadruple antibiotic therapies, shows increased prevalence of resistance to conventional antibiotics and treatment failure. Due to their pore-forming activity, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are considered as a good alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in the case of resistant bacteria.

Description of Routes in People With Intellectual Disability.

The ability to describe routes was assessed in participants with intellectual disability (ID) and participants without ID matched on chronological age (CA) or on mental age (MA). In two experiments, participants learned a route through a virtual environment until they reached a learning criterion. They were then asked to externalize their spatial knowledge in a verbal description task, a landmark recognition task, or a map completion task.

Medical and surgical triage.

In terrorist attacks and industrial catastrophes, management of a massive afflux of wounded must adhere to logistic imperatives while at the same time taking into account basic traumatology principles. This implies a firm, unequivocal, and precise doctrine for all stages of care. Medical and surgical triage allows a logical classification of victims according to severity of injury, the necessity of treatment and the degree of urgency.

Pulmonary Artery Bullet Embolism following Cardiac Gunshot Wound.

Penetrating chest trauma is common but few need surgical treatment (10-20%). The mortality of gunshot wounds of the heart is 45%, among the wounded arriving at the hospital. The suspicion of wound heart with an inlet in the heart area (limited by costal awnings down, clavicles top, and mid-clavicular line outside) and pericardial effusion remains a surgical indication.

Route knowledge and configural knowledge in typical and atypical development: a comparison of sparse and rich environments.

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have poor navigation skills, which impact their potential to become independent. Two aspects of navigation were investigated in these groups, using virtual environments (VE): route knowledge (the ability to learn the way from A to B by following a fixed sequence of turns) and configural knowledge (knowledge of the spatial relationships between places within an environment).

Methods: Typically developing (TD) children aged 5 to 11 years (N = 93), individuals with DS (N = 29) and individuals with WS (N = 20) were presented with a sparse and a rich VE grid maze.

The development of route learning in Down syndrome, Williams syndrome and typical development: investigations with virtual environments.

The ability to navigate new environments has a significant impact on the daily life and independence of people with learning difficulties. The aims of this study were to investigate the development of route learning in Down syndrome (N = 50), Williams syndrome (N = 19), and typically developing children between 5 and 11 years old (N = 108); to investigate use of landmarks; and to relate cognitive functions to route-learning ability in these groups. Overall, measures of attention and long-term memory were strongly associated with route learning, even once non-verbal ability was controlled for.

Patient eligibility criteria for a surgical treatment that enhances tissue sealing by use of a medicated sponge: observational study ELITE.

Rationale: The application of a haemostatic agent in general surgery, in addition to its effect on bleeding, also provides tissue sealing and adhesion. A sponge drug is used with some actions of resection and wide dissection, without knowledge of the eligibility of patients. In this study, we sought to identify clusters of patients for which the medicated sponge enhances tissue sealing.

Crosswalk time estimation and time perception: an experimental study among older female pedestrians.

Since the sense of time is strongly influenced by advancing age, this laboratory study aimed to find out more about older pedestrians' decisions to cross the road, focusing on their estimates of how long it would take them to cross. The walking times of older female adults with or without any walking impairment and of healthy young adults were recorded on a walkway representing a road section. Participants also performed actual and imagined crossings of this "road" as well as a duration production task.

Assessing apathy in everyday clinical practice with the short-form Lille Apathy Rating Scale.

Background: Apathy is an invalidating behavioral disorder that must always be screened for and assessed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS) has been validated in several different contexts, but the lengthy administration time means that it is mostly recommended for research use. The aim of the present study was to validate a short form of the LARS for use in everyday practice.

Wayfinding behaviour in Down syndrome: a study with virtual environments.

The aim of this study was to assess wayfinding abilities in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The ability to learn routes though a virtual environment (VE) and to make a novel shortcut between two locations was assessed in individuals with DS (N=10) and control participants individually matched on mental age (MA) or chronological age (CA). The results showed that most of the participants with DS were able to learn routes through the VE, even though they needed more trials than the CA controls to reach the learning criterion.

Do individuals with intellectual disability select appropriate objects as landmarks when learning a new route?

Background: The present study was aimed at investigating the selection of landmarks by individuals with intellectual disability (ID). The hypothesis was that they would be less efficient than individuals without IDs in the selection of landmarks when learning a new route.

Methods: The experiment took place in a natural setting with a group of participants with ID and a group of control participants matched by chronological age.

Short-term memory, executive control, and children's route learning.

The aim of this study was to investigate route-learning ability in 67 children aged 5 to 11years and to relate route-learning performance to the components of Baddeley's model of working memory. Children carried out tasks that included measures of verbal and visuospatial short-term memory and executive control and also measures of verbal and visuospatial long-term memory; the route-learning task was conducted using a maze in a virtual environment. In contrast to previous research, correlations were found between both visuospatial and verbal memory tasks-the Corsi task, short-term pattern span, digit span, and visuospatial long-term memory-and route-learning performance.

Route learning and shortcut performance in adults with intellectual disability: a study with virtual environments.

The ability to learn routes though a virtual environment (VE) and to make a novel shortcut between two locations was assessed in 18 adults with intellectual disability and 18 adults without intellectual disability matched on chronological age. Participants explored two routes (A ⇔ B and A ⇔ C) until they reached a learning criterion. Then, they were placed at B and were asked to find the shortest way to C (B ⇔ C, five trials).

Management of penetrating abdominal vessel injuries.

Vascular injury due to penetrating abdominal trauma is a major challenge for trauma teams. Arterial and venous injuries occur with equal frequency. Treatment depends on the hemodynamic status of the patient: under stable conditions, angiography can be envisioned, whereas instability is an indication for immediate surgery; damage control is the most frequent procedure.

Apathy may herald cognitive decline and dementia in Parkinson's disease.

Apathy is usually defined as a lack of motivation. It may occur as part of another disorder (notably depression and dementia) or as an isolated syndrome. In Parkinson's disease (PD), apathy is common and several studies have reported an association between this condition and more severe cognitive symptoms, such as executive dysfunction.

[Surgeons can learn from pilots: human factors in surgery].

Human factors (HF) study is mandatory to get air transport pilot licences. In aviation, crew resource management (CRM) and declaration of adverse events (feedback) result in improving of air safety. Air missions and surgical procedures have similarities.