Efficacy of Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Guidance for Neuraxial Anesthesia in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Artificial intelligence for ultrasound scanning in regional anesthesia is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of computer-aided three-dimensional ultrasound (C-aided US) guidance for neuraxial anesthesia in adult patients. We searched all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adult patients who required neuraxial anesthesia in the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and ClinicalTrials.

Perioperative Management of a Patient With Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension and a History of Syncope: A Case Report.

Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by higher-than-normal pulmonary arterial pressures. This case report describes the perioperative management of a male patient with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension and a history of vasovagal syncope during previous dental extractions with local anesthesia. He underwent successful extraction of a single tooth with intravenous moderate sedation using dexmedetomidine and midazolam as well as prilocaine with felypressin for local anesthesia.

Calmodulin: a highly conserved and ubiquitous Ca sensor.

Calcium ions (Ca) play critical roles in various biological phenomena. The free Ca concentration in the cytoplasm of a resting cell is at the 10 M level, whereas that outside the cell is 10 M, creating a 10,000-fold gradient of Ca concentrations across the cell membrane, separating the intracellular and extracellular solutions. When a cell is activated by external stimuli, the intracellular Ca concentration increases to levels of 10-10 M through Ca entry from the extracellular solution via plasma membrane Ca channels and/or Ca release from intracellular stores.

Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Acute Hypotensive Events in Intensive Care Unit Patients.

: Persistent hypotension in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased mortality. Predicting acute hypotensive events can lead to timely intervention. We aimed to develop a prediction model of acute hypotensive events in patients admitted to the ICU.

Real-time monitoring of cortical brain activity in response to acute pain using wide-area Ca imaging.

Previous human and rodent studies indicated that nociceptive stimuli activate many brain regions that is involved in the somatosensory and emotional sensation. Although these studies have identified several important brain regions involved in pain perception, it has been a challenge to observe neural activity directly and simultaneously in these multiple brain regions during pain perception. Using a transgenic mouse expressing G-CaMP7 in majority of astrocytes and a subpopulation of excitatory neurons, we recorded the brain activity in the mouse cerebral cortex during acute pain stimulation.

Prediction model of postoperative pain exacerbation using an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia device and a wearable electrocardiogram sensor.

There is a need to develop objective and real-time postoperative pain assessment methods in perioperative medicine. Few studies have evaluated the relationship between pain severity and temporal changes of physiological signals in actual postoperative patients. In this study, we developed a machine learning model which was trained from intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) records and electrocardiogram (ECG) of postoperative patients to predict pain exacerbation.

Association between postinduction hypotension and postoperative mortality: a single-centre retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: We aimed to elucidate whether postinduction hypotension (PIH), defined as hypotension between anesthesia induction and skin incision, and intraoperative hypotension (IOH) are associated with postoperative mortality.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with an ASA Physical Status I-IV who underwent noncardiac and nonobstetric surgery under general anesthesia between 2015 and 2021 at Nagoya City University Hospital. The primary and secondary outcomes were 30-day and 90-day postoperative mortality, respectively.

Pericapsular nerve group block for osteoarthritis-related chronic hip joint pain: a case report.

Background: Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block has shown effectiveness for acute hip pain associated with fractures and surgery. Herein, PENG block was performed for osteoarthritis (OA)-related chronic hip joint pain.

Case Presentation: A 65-year-old woman presented left hip pain.

Rapid Response System and Limitations of Medical Treatment Among Children With Clinical Deterioration in Japan: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

We investigated the role of rapid response systems (RRSs) in limitations of medical treatment (LOMT) planning among children, their families, and health care providers. This multicenter retrospective cohort study examined children with clinical deterioration using the Japanese RRS registry between 2012 and 2021. Children ( = 348) at 28 hospitals in Japan who required RRS calls were analyzed.

Association between vascular endothelial dysfunction and stroke incidence in the general Japanese population: Results from the tohoku medical megabank community-based cohort study.

Background: Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measures vascular endothelial function by evaluating the vasodilatory response of blood vessels to increased blood flow. Nevertheless, the association between FMD and stroke incidence in a general population remains unclear. This study investigated the association between vascular endothelial function and stroke incidence in the general Japanese population.

Incidence and factors associated with newly implemented do-not-attempt-resuscitation orders among deteriorating patients after rapid response system activation: A retrospective observational study using a Japanese multicenter database.

Aim: The rapid response system (RRS) was initially aimed to improve patient outcomes. Recently, some studies have implicated that RRS might facilitate do-not-attempt-resuscitation (DNAR) orders among patients, their families, and healthcare providers. This study aimed to examine the incidence and factors independently associated with DNAR orders newly implemented after RRS activation among deteriorating patients.

Malposition of a pulmonary artery catheter in the left ventricle: a case report.

Background: Placement of pulmonary artery catheters may be associated with a variety of complications. We present a case where a pulmonary artery catheter was accidentally advanced into the left ventricle by perforating the intraventricular septum.

Case Presentation: A 73-year-old woman underwent mitral valve dysfunction.

Combined use of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway and a bronchial blocker vs. a double-lumen endobronchial tube in thoracoscopic surgery: A randomized controlled trial.

Study Objective: The combined use of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway and a bronchial blocker may reduce postoperative hoarseness and sore throat. We aimed to test the feasibility and efficacy of this combination technique in thoracoscopic surgery.

Design: A single-center, patient-assessor blinded, randomized controlled trial.

High preoperative serum strontium levels increase the risk of acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of cardiac surgeries. The incidence of AKI after cardiac surgeries using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB-AKI) is high, emphasizing the need to determine strategies to prevent CPB-AKI. This study investigates the correlation between CPB-AKI and trace metal levels in clinical and animal studies.

3M microfoam™ surgical tape prevents nasal pressure injury associated with nasotracheal intubation: A randomized double-blind trial.

Background: 3M microfoam™ surgical tape (3ST: 3M Japan Limited) is used for pressure wound control of medical equipment. It is cushioned and can be fitted to any body part. Here we investigated whether 3ST prevents nasal pressure injury associated with nasotracheal intubation (NTI).

Poly(I:C) promotes neurotoxic amyloid β accumulation through reduced degradation by decreasing neprilysin protein levels in astrocytes.

Inflammation associated with viral infection of the nervous system has been involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) is a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist that mimics the inflammatory response to systemic viral infections. Despite growing recognition of the role of glial cells in AD pathology, their involvement in the accumulation and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain of patients with AD is poorly understood.

Association between Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity and the Renal Function in a General Japanese Population: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-Based Cohort Study.

Introduction: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been identified as a critical source of reactive oxygen species in various pathophysiological conditions, including hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. This study investigated the association between XOR and renal function in a general Japanese population.

Methods: The Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization pooled individual participant data from a community-based cohort study in Iwate prefecture.