Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier breakdown in acute, clinical intracerebral hemorrhage.

Neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic target in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), characterized in the brain by microglial activation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. In this study, 36 acute, spontaneous, supratentorial ICH patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to measure BBB permeability () 1-3 days post-onset and 16 returned for [C]()-PK11195 PET to quantify microglial activation (), 2-7 days post-onset. We first tested if these markers were increased and co-localized in the perihematomal brain and found that perihematomal and were increased vs.

Baseline perihematomal edema, C-reactive protein, and 30-day mortality are not associated in intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background: The relationship between baseline perihematomal edema (PHE) and inflammation, and their impact on survival after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are not well understood.

Objective: Assess the association between baseline PHE, baseline C-reactive protein (CRP), and early death after ICH.

Methods: Analysis of pooled data from multicenter ICH registries.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vitamin B Deficiency among Pregnant Women in Rural Bangladesh.

Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. However, data on vitamin B12 deficiency in pregnant Bangladeshi women are limited. This study examines vitamin B12 deficiency and marginal deficiency in rural Bangladeshi women during early and late pregnancies.

Neuroimaging and clinical outcomes of oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: Whether intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) associated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC-ICH) has a better outcome compared to ICH associated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA-ICH) is uncertain.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing clinical and radiological outcomes between NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH patients. The primary outcome measure was 30-day all-cause mortality.

Assessing Inflammation in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage with PK11195 PET and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI.

Background And Purpose: Studies in animal models suggest that inflammation is a major contributor to secondary injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Direct, noninvasive monitoring of inflammation in the human brain after ICH will facilitate early-phase development of anti-inflammatory treatments. We sought to investigate the feasibility of multimodality brain imaging in subacute ICH.

Outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage associated with different oral anticoagulants.

Objective: In an international collaborative multicenter pooled analysis, we compared mortality, functional outcome, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume, and hematoma expansion (HE) between non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation-related ICH (NOAC-ICH) and vitamin K antagonist-associated ICH (VKA-ICH).

Methods: We compared all-cause mortality within 90 days for NOAC-ICH and VKA-ICH using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age; sex; baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, ICH location, and log volume; intraventricular hemorrhage volume; and intracranial surgery. We addressed heterogeneity using a shared frailty term.

Software output from semi-automated planimetry can underestimate intracerebral haemorrhage and peri-haematomal oedema volumes by up to 41.

Introduction: Haematoma and oedema size determines outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), with each added 10 % volume increasing mortality by 5 %. We assessed the reliability of semi-automated computed tomography planimetry using Analyze and Osirix softwares.

Methods: We randomly selected 100 scans from 1329 ICH patients from two centres.

Dumbbell ganglioneuroma mimicking lumbar neurofibroma: a case report and review of the literature.

Spinal ganglioneuromas may grow in a dumbbell fashion. We report the first case of an intradural, extramedullary ganglioneuroma in the lumbar spine and review the pertinent literature. Although rare, we propose that ganglioneuroma be considered a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a large mass occupying both intraspinal and extraspinal compartments.

Evaluation of a new elderly trauma triage algorithm.

Objectives: Undertriage is common in patients 55 years and older and is even worse for those 65 and older. In 1999, the Florida legislature implemented a statewide trauma system, including a new Florida trauma triage algorithm (FTTA). This study examines how the new system affected prehospital triage in younger versus older patients.

Haemorrhagic synovial cyst presenting as thoracic cord compression: a case report and review of the literature.

Synovial cysts are often incidental findings on spinal imaging. They can present with back pain and radicular symptoms; rarely, they can rupture causing an epidural haematoma and thecal sac compression. We present the first reported case of a haemorrhagic synovial cyst causing thoracic cord compression, and review the pertinent literature.

A near-peer teaching program designed, developed and delivered exclusively by recent medical graduates for final year medical students sitting the final objective structured clinical examination (OSCE).

Background: The General Medical Council states that teaching doctors and students is important for the care of patients. Our aim was to deliver a structured teaching program to final year medical students, evaluate the efficacy of teaching given by junior doctors and review the pertinent literature.

Methods: We developed a revision package for final year medical students sitting the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).

Radiotherapy-induced supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumour in a 17-year-old female: a case report and review of the literature.

We report a case of a 17-year-old female who presented with a CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumour 12 years after cranial radiotherapy for relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. In this article, we discuss the association of these rare tumours with previous craniospinal irradiation and review the pertinent literature.

Outcome of 441 breech singleton deliveries at the Catholic Hospital, Oluyoro, Ibadan.

Breech presentation at delivery occurred in 441 of 21,243 deliveries giving an incidence of 2.1% in Oluyoro Catholic Hospital, Ibadan. The fresh stillbirth rate was 7.

Efficacy of large loop excision of the transformation zone for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

This study showed the efficacy of large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) in the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Eighty-three women with abnormal cervical cytology were recruited. Colposcopic examination and directed punch biopsy were performed and the women had LLETZ therapy as an outpatient procedure.

Superiority of end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction measurements over wedge pressures in evaluating cardiac function during aortic reconstruction.

Marked changes occur in cardiac function during aortic reconstruction. Numerous factors (primarily compliance changes) limit the currently used pressure-based pulmonary artery catheters' ability to reflect these changes accurately. A new pulmonary artery catheter was used in 26 patients undergoing aortic reconstruction (7 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and 19 with occlusive disease) that directly measures right ventricular (RV) volumes and ejection fractions.

Testicular volume and seminal fluid profile in fertile and infertile males in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Total testicular volume (TTV) measured with a metric tape and vernier calliper in 20 men whose wives were 12-20 weeks gestation, and in 48 infertile men was correlated with the height, weight, Ponderal Index (PI), sperm density, and total sperm in the ejaculate. There was a good correlation between TTV by tape and calliper (r = 0.96, P less than 0.

Effect of bromocriptine on menstrual cycle length.

Forty-seven women with regular ovulatory menstrual cycles and normal plasma prolactin levels were treated with different doses of bromocriptine, and changes in follicular and luteal phase length determined by daily estimation of plasma gonadotrophin concentration. Follicular phase length was highly significantly reduced from a median duration of 12.7 days in the basal cycle to 11.

Plasma prolactin concentrations during conception and the first ten weeks of human pregnancy.

Plasma prolactin concentrations were measured daily throughout 20 cycles in which conception occurred and for several weeks during early pregnancy. Thirteen of the pregnancies were 'spontaneous' (i.e.

The human menstrual cycle: plasma concentrations of prolactin, LH, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone in conceiving and non-conceiving women.

Hormonal profiles were obtained throughout 26 conception cycles and 27 non-conception control cycles. The pregnancies followed treatment (clomiphene or bromocriptine) in 12 women but were spontaneous in the remaining 14. No sustained significant difference between the various types of conception cycle was found for LH, FSH, oestradiol or progesterone concentrations.

Prolactin concentrations in normal menstrual cycles and conception cycles.

Plasma prolactin concentrations were measured daily throughout twenty-three menstrual cycles from regularly ovulating women. In five of the cycles conception occurred spontaneously. The frequency distribution of prolactin concentrations was calculated and an appropriate linear transform obtained.

Comparison of plasma steroid and gonadotrophin profiles in spontaneous cycles in which conception did and did not occur.

Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol and progesterone were measured in plasma from blood samples obtained daily throughout 23 menstrual cycles in a total of 18 normal women. Eight of these women were trying to conceive at the time of investigation and five succeeded. The subjects were divided into those who were not exposed to pregnancy (Group I), those who became pregnant (Group II) and those who were trying to become pregnant but failed to do so (Group III).

Prolactin concentrations in ovulatory but infertile women: treatment with bromocriptine.

We measured basal plasma prolactin concentrations (in samples obtained during the early follicular phase) in 25 normal (control) women and in a similar group of 40 patients with a long-standing history of infertility. The infertile patients were all ovulating regularly, and had been unsuccessfully treated with clomiphene and in some cases dydrogesterone and human menopausal gonadotrophin. Although none of the patients had plasma prolactin concentrations greater than 1000 muU/ml, 47.