The impact of full-fat larvae meal on the health and immune system function of broiler chickens.

Introduction: Alternative protein sources have recently been attracting growing interest as potential components of livestock nutrition. This study evaluated the effect on broiler health of replacing the soybean protein component of poultry feed with processed insect protein from farmed (HI) larvae.

Material And Methods: A total of 384 male broiler chicks were divided into four diet groups (eight pens/treatment and 12 birds/pen) and reared to the 42 day of life (dol).

The Effect of Replacing Genetically Modified Soybean Meal with 00-Rapeseed Meal, Faba Bean and Yellow Lupine in Grower-Finisher Diets on Nutrient Digestibility, Nitrogen Retention, Selected Blood Biochemical Parameters and Fattening Performance of Pigs.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of partial and total replacement of protein from genetically modified soybean meal (GM-SBM) with protein from 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM), alone or in combination with protein from low-tannin faba bean ( L.) seeds (FB) or low-alkaloid yellow lupine ( L.) seeds (YL) in grower-finisher diets on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention and utilization, selected blood biochemical parameters, fattening performance of pigs and carcass quality traits.

Periconceptional undernutrition affects in utero methyltransferase expression and steroid hormone concentrations in uterine flushings and blood plasma during the peri-implantation period in domestic pigs.

Female undernutrition during early pregnancy may affect the physiological pattern of genomic DNA methylation. We hypothesised that in utero DNA methylation may be impaired in females fed a restrictive diet in early pregnancy. In this study we evaluated whether poor maternal nutritional status, induced by applying a restricted diet during the peri-conceptional period, may influence: (1) the potential for in utero DNA methylation, expressed as changes in the mRNA expression and protein abundance of methyltransferases: DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNMT3a in the endometrium and the myometrium, (2) the intrauterine microenvironment, measured as oestradiol 17β (E) and progesterone (P) concentrations in uterine flushings and (3) plasma concentration of E and P during the peri-implantation period.

Meat quality, some hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of finishing pigs assigned to different carcass conformation classes in the SEUROP system.

The results of laboratory analyses, including the proximate composition, physicochemical and sensory properties of meat from the studied pigs, point to its high processing suitability and eating quality. Hematological indicators in the blood of the analyzed animal groups were within the reference ranges, excluding MCHC levels which were somewhat elevated. Significant differences were observed in Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and WBC values, subject to the meat content of the carcass.

Effect of oat by-product antioxidants and vitamin E on the oxidative stability of pork from pigs fed diets supplemented with linseed oil.

The aim of the experiment was to compare the antioxidative potential of an oat by-product with the effect of vitamin E on the oxidative stability of pork from pigs fed a diet enriched with linseed oil. Thirty-four crossbreed barrows were fed individually from 39 to 109 kg body weight (BW) on one of four diets: a control diet based on barley-triticale-soybean (Diet C), a diet containing an oat byproduct (Diet O), and the same diets supplemented with vitamin E (100 mg/kg diet) (Diets CE and OE, respectively). The oat by-product, comprising oat hulls and bran, was included at 10 and 20% in the grower and finisher diets, respectively.

Slaughter value, meat quality, creatine kinase activity and cortisol levels in the blood serum of growing-finishing pigs slaughtered immediately after transport and after a rest period.

The experimental materials comprised 44 hybrid [female (Polish Large White x Polish Landrace) x male Duroc] growing-finishing pigs. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: 24 pigs were slaughtered immediately after transport and 20 pigs were slaughtered after a 24-hour rest period in the lairage. The meat content of pork carcasses, carcass dressing percentage, the proximate chemical composition, physicochemical and sensory properties of meat and shear force values were determined.

[House fly development after chitin biosynthesis inhibitor application to eggs].

Nine asymmetrically substituted ureas were bioassayed against house-fly (Musca domestica L.) eggs. The compounds included benzoylaryl urea derivatives, shown in Table I, (compounds 1 and 3-8) and benzoylheteroaryl ureas (2 and 9) which previously revealed effective inhibition of metamorphosis and reproduction when applied in food to the larvae and adults.

New proctolin analogs modified in position 3 of peptide chain--synthesis and their biological evaluation.

Six proctolin analogs modified in position 3 of peptide chain such as Arg-Tyr-X-Pro-Thr where X = Gly (1), Val (2), Pro (3), Thr (4), Acp (1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid residue) (5), and Ach (1-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid residue) (6) were synthesized by liquid-phase method. Biological effects of the pentapeptides (1-6) were examined in cardiostimulatory test in vitro in respect to two insect species: American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.) and yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.

Insect peptide hormones, an overview of the present literature.

A comprehensive overview of the recent state of the art of insect peptide hormones with chemical structures is presented. An increased interest in insect neuropeptides and dynamic development of that research area has been influenced by a rapid improvement of instrumentation necessary for isolation and structural characterization. Several research teams have studied the relationships between biological properties of insect and vertebrate peptide hormones.

[Effect of selected compounds from the group of chitin synthesis inhibitors on insects of sanitary importance].

The effect of three aryl and heteroaryl dichlorobenzoylurea compounds as insect chitin inhibitors on sanitary important insects were investigated. These compounds were given insects: larvae and adults flies (Musca domestica) and cockroaches (Blattella germanica) with food. The best results on flies were after exposition to AG-6 and on cockroaches to AG-5.

[Review of the methods of control of pathogenetic arthropods of medical and veterinary importance].

Chemical and biological methods of the title arthropod pests control, during the past 1985-1989, have been reviewed. Among insecticides the chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphorous compounds, carbamates and particularly pyrethroids played still the outstanding role. Juvenoids, chitin synthesis inhibitors and semi-chemicals such as pheromones and feeding deterrents were discussed.

Further studies on proctolin analogues modified in position 2 of the peptide chain and their influence on heart-beat frequency of insects.

Seven proctolin analogues (I-VII) modified in position 2 of the peptide chain by Phe (p-guanidino) (I), Phe (p-OEt) (II), Tyr (3'-NH2) (III), Tyr (3'-NO2) (IV), Afb (p-OH) (V) (Afb = 3-amino-4-phenyl-L-butyric acid), Afb (p-NH2) (VI), Afb (p-NO2) (VII), and the tetrapeptide Tyr (3'-NH2)-Leu-Pro-Thr (VIII) were synthesized by the classic liquid-phase method. The biological effects of the peptides were investigated in cardioexcitatory tests on two insect species, the cockroach Periplaneta americana L., and the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L.

Role of guanidine group at the N-terminal proctolin chain in cardioexcitatory effects in insects.

Six proctolin analogues (I-VI) modified in position 1 of the peptide chain by the following amino acids: homo-Arg, Gac, Gav, Gap, Phe (p-guanidino) and Orn, were synthesized by conventional liquid phase method. The myotropic activity of the obtained peptides was investigated in cardioexcitatory test on two insect species, cockroach, Periplaneta americana L., and yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor.

[Effectiveness of 2,6-dihalogenbenzoyl urea derivatives as potential inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis regarding the house fly Musca domestica L. and cockroach Blatella germanica L].

The biological activity was determined of 20 compounds from the group of asymmetrically substituted urea derivatives. They were derivatives of 1-(hetero)-aryl-3(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)urea, compounds in Table 1, (1-12) which represented three groups of compounds: a) monochlorine or trifluoromethyl derivatives of benzene, b) monomethyl-substituted 2-pyridine derivatives, c) a derivative of 5-bromo-3-pyridine, and symmetrical derivates (Table 2 compounds 1-8) 2.2; 3.