ChatGPT and assistive AI in structured radiology reporting: A systematic review.

Introduction: The rise of transformer-based large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, has captured global attention with recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). ChatGPT demonstrates growing potential in structured radiology reporting-a field where AI has traditionally focused on image analysis.

Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and Embase was conducted from inception through May 2024, and primary studies discussing ChatGPT's role in structured radiology reporting were selected based on their content.

DICER1 Mutation in Recurrent Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor: A Case Report.

Background: DICER1 mutation has been linked to development of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and cystic nephroma, among other neoplasms.

Case: We present a unique case of recurrent ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a pediatric patient with a known DICER1 mutation and history of cystic nephroma. She underwent surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy, and her recurrences have been treated with chemotherapy, whole-abdomen radiation therapy, and further surgical debulking.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in a Pediatric Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

We describe a case of a 15-year-old adolescent boy with neurofibromatosis type 1 who presented with inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The literature available on the association of neurofibromatosis type 1 with inflammatory bowel disease is limited to 7 clinical case reports, and none had comorbid primary sclerosing cholangitis. We present a review of the published literature on this rare association and add the findings of our patient.

Clinical-stage Approaches for Imaging Chronic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease.

The number of imaging-based indices developed for inflammatory bowel disease as research tools, objectively measuring ileocolonic and perianal activity and treatment response, has expanded in the past 2 decades. Created primarily to assess Crohn's disease (CD), there is increasing adoption of these indices into the clinical realm to guide patient care. This translation has been facilitated by validation in adult and pediatric populations, prompted by simplification of score calculations needed for practical application outside the research environment.

A Pilot Study on Diagnostic Radiology Residency Case Volumes From a Canadian Perspective: A Marker of Resident Knowledge.

Purpose: New guidelines from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) have proposed minimum case volumes to be obtained during residency. While radiology residency programs in Canada are accredited by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, there are currently no minimum case volumes standards for radiology residency training in Canada. New changes in residency training throughout Canada are coming in the form of competency-based medical education.

Competency Based Medical Education-Towards the Development of a Standardized Pediatric Radiology Testing Module.

Rationale And Objectives: To introduce a process that allows for development of standardized competency based testing modules (CBTM) for evaluating resident progress and competence during their radiology training. This work focuses on the development of pediatric imaging CBTMs to be utilized during general radiology residency.

Materials And Methods: Multiple in-patient and ER imaging request audits along with surveys of training programs and text recommendations were obtained.

Effect of Picture Archiving and Communication System Image Manipulation on the Agreement of Chest Radiograph Interpretation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: Variability in image interpretation has been attributed to differences in the interpreters' knowledge base, experience level, and access to the clinical scenario. Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) has allowed the user to manipulate the images while developing their impression of the radiograph. The aim of this study was to determine the agreement of chest radiograph (CXR) impressions among radiologists and neonatologists and help determine the effect of image manipulation with PACS on report impression.

Novel Method to Improve Radiologist Agreement in Interpretation of Serial Chest Radiographs in the ICU.

Objectives: To determine whether a novel method and device, called a variable attenuation plate (VAP), which equalizes chest radiographic appearance and allows for synchronization of manual image windowing with comparison studies, would improve consistency in interpretation.

Materials And Methods: Research ethics board approved the prospective cohort pilot study, which included 50 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) undergoing two serial chest radiographs with a VAP placed on each one of them. The VAP allowed for equalization of density and contrast between the patients' serial chest radiographs.

Abdominal wall and labial edema presenting in a girl with Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a case report.

Introduction: Henoch-Schönlein purpura is a common immunoglobulin A-mediated vasculitic syndrome in children, characterized by purpuric rash, arthritis and abdominal pain. Renal involvement, manifested by the presence of hematuria and/or proteinuria, is also frequently seen. In most cases, patients with this disease achieve complete recovery, but some progress to renal impairment.

Recurrent abdominal pain and weight loss in an adolescent: celiac artery compression syndrome.

Celiac artery compression syndrome is a rare cause of abdominal pain and weight loss, likely caused by compression of the celiac artery or plexus by the median arcuate ligament. A case of celiac artery compression syndrome in a 17-year-old male patient with severe postprandial pain and weight loss is described. Imaging techniques such as computed tomography, angiography and Doppler ultrasound identified the abnormality, which was corrected by laparoscopic surgery.

Multiple squamous hyperplastic-fibrous inflammatory polyps of the oesophagus: a new feature of eosinophilic oesophagitis?

This report describes the unusual case of a 12-year-old boy with multiple polyps in the oesophagus and concurrent eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE). Polyps were of a fibrous-inflammatory composition featuring eosinophils, mast cells, hyperplastic epithelium and fibrosis, which are all features described with EoE. EoE is an increasingly recognised clinicopathological disorder characterised by large numbers of eosinophils infiltrating the oesophageal mucosa.

Clinical correlation of radiological spinal stenosis after standardization for vertebral body size.

Aim: To determine the relationship between the degree of radiographic lumbar spinal stenosis, adjusted with an internal control for vertebral body size, and disability from lumbar stenosis.

Materials And Methods: one hundred and twenty-three consecutive patients with clinical and radiological confirmation of neural impingement secondary to lumbar stenosis were enrolled prospectively. Thecal sac anteroposterior (AP) diameter (TSD) and cross-sectional area (CSA), and vertebral body AP dimension (VBD) were determined.

Unnecessary irradiation to non-thoracic structures during pediatric chest radiography.

Background: Recent reports have indicated that infants and young children have a higher sensitivity than older children and adults to radiation exposure and the potential for harmful side effects.

Objective: To determine whether the present landmarks used in film positioning result in unnecessary radiation to non-thoracic structures on chest radiographs in the pediatric and neonatal population.

Materials And Methods: Chest radiographs of 195 pediatric patients and 149 neonates were analyzed for extent of radiation field to non-thoracic regions.

Classic metaphyseal lesion following external cephalic version and cesarean section.

We report a case of an otherwise healthy neonate diagnosed at birth with a classic metaphyseal lesion of the proximal tibia following external cephalic version for frank breech presentation and a subsequent urgent cesarean section. Although the classic metaphyseal lesion is considered highly specific for infant abuse, this case demonstrates the importance of obtaining a history of obstetric trauma for neonates presenting to the imaging department for suspected non-accidental injury.

New mental retardation syndrome associated with ocular colobomas, cleft palate, and genital, skeletal, and craniofacial abnormalities.

We describe three Canadian brothers of Cree origin, with a previously undescribed pattern of malformation including distinctive craniofacial abnormalities with triangular facies, hypertelorism, low-set and posteriorly rotated ears, ocular colobomas, ptosis, brachycephaly with widely separated sutures, cleft soft palate, undescended testes, bifid scrotum and hypospadius, wide webbed neck, webbed fingers, pectus excavatum and hypersegmented sternum, and severe psychomotor retardation. The presence of normal brain imaging and physical growth distinguishes them from other syndromes with overlapping abnormalities. This is either an X-linked or autosomal recessive condition.

Development and duration of radiographic signs of bone healing in children.

Objective: Few articles report the evaluation of pediatric fracture healing and dating based on radiographic appearance. We established a timetable for expected radiographic changes visible during bone healing in otherwise healthy children.

Materials And Methods: We examined 707 radiographs of fractured forearms in 141 patients.

Isolated tubal torsion at menarche- a case report.

Background: Adnexal torsion is a well-recognized cause of acute pelvic pain. Isolated tubal torsion with ovarian sparing has certainly been documented, but is uncommon. Although risk factors for the latter include a menstrual period, menarche in particular is not known to predispose a patient to this event.

Anterior rectal duplication: a diagnostic challenge.

The authors present an anterior rectal cyst in a 14-month-old girl. This rare variant of rectal duplications presented with recurrent urinary infections. The diagnosis was challenging in view of the multiple differential diagnoses to be considered.

Impact of magnetic resonance imaging on the surgical management of cystic hygromas.

Background: The surgical management of cystic hygromas can be challenging, and accurate diagnosis and anatomic localization is essential. The literature on the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric cystic hygromas is sparse and mostly limited to radiological descriptions.

Methods: The authors present five cases of cystic hygromas in children ranging in age from 1 to 13 years.

High-resolution sonography of the abnormal cranial suture.

Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to elucidate the sonographic features of abnormal major cranial sutures.

Materials And Methods: Eight excised synostosed suture specimens were evaluated. The high-resolution sonographic appearance was correlated with the histological section, plain radiographs, CT and MRI.