Dose-volume metric-based prediction of radiotherapy-induced lymphocyte loss in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with modern radiotherapy techniques.

Background And Purpose: Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is a common side effect of radiotherapy (RT) that may negatively impact survival. We aimed to identify RIL predictors in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analysed data of 306 patients who underwent radical RT for NSCLC.

Mechanisms underlying reversed TRAIL sensitivity in acquired bortezomib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells.

The therapeutic targeting of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptors in cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a widely studied approach for tumor selective apoptotic cell death therapy. However, apoptosis resistance is often encountered. The main aim of this study was to investigate the apoptotic mechanism underlying TRAIL sensitivity in three bortezomib (BTZ)-resistant NSCLC variants, combining induction of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

Untargeted metabolomics in gastric and colorectal cancer patients - preliminary results.

Introduction: Recent years, microbiota-associated aspects have been analysed in multiple disorders regarding cancers. Existing evidence pints that gut microorganisms might take part in tumour origin and therapy efficacy. Nevertheless, to date, data on faecal metabolomics in cancer patients is still strongly limited.

Anti-cancer management of head and neck cancers and oral microbiome-what can we clinically obtain?

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity and primarily concerns the oral cavity and oropharynx. These cancers occur more frequently in men with a 5-year survival rate below 50%. Major risk factors include human papilloma virus (HPV) (notably type 16), Epstein-Barr virus, tobacco, alcohol, and poor oral hygiene with approximately 4.

Pharmacomicrobiomics of cell-cycle specific anti-cancer drugs - is it a new perspective for personalized treatment of cancer patients?

Intestinal bacteria are equipped with an enzyme apparatus that is involved in the active biotransformation of xenobiotics, including drugs. Pharmacomicrobiomics, a new area of pharmacology, analyses interactions between bacteria and xenobiotics. However, there is another side to the coin.

The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer Treatment Resistance.

Despite tremendous progress in cancer treatment in recent years, treatment resistance is still a major challenge for a great number of patients. One of the main causes is regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), which suppress excessive inflammatory responses via the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines and upregulate the immune checkpoints. Their abundance causes an immunosuppressive reprogramming of the tumor environment, which is ideal for tumor growth and drug inefficiency.

Postbiotics in oncology: science or science fiction?

The gut microbiome has been increasingly understood to play a critical role in carcinogenesis and cancer disease progression. The most recent research advancements have shown that different tools of microbiota manipulation contribute to gut microbiome-immune-oncology axis modulation, offering exciting opportunities for targeted interventions aimed at improving the efficacy of established anti-cancer therapy. Postbiotics are a new entry among the biotics showing beneficial effects on human health while not requiring living cells to obtain the health effect and therefore not subjected to food safety rules for live microorganisms.

The Effectiveness of Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Retreatment and Rechallenge-A Systematic Review.

Despite a great success of immunotherapy in cancer treatment, a great number of patients will become resistant. This review summarizes recent reports on immune checkpoint inhibitor retreatment or rechallenge in order to overcome primary resistance. The systematic review was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.

Insights into oral microbiome and colorectal cancer - on the way of searching new perspectives.

Microbiome is a keystone polymicrobial community that coexist with human body in a beneficial relationship. These microorganisms enable the human body to maintain homeostasis and take part in mechanisms of defense against infection and in the absorption of nutrients. Even though microbiome is involved in physiologic processes that are beneficial to host health, it may also cause serious detrimental issues.

Microbiota-derived metabolites in colorectal cancer patients in preoperative period.

Objective: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial derived metabolites, which have multiple beneficial properties. The amount of SCFAs depends on several factors, such as age, diet (mainly intake of dietary fiber), and overall health condition. The normal proportion between SCFAs is 3:1:1 for acetate, proprionate and butyrate, respectively.

VISTA H-Score Is Significantly Associated with a 5-Year DFS Rate in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer in the world. Despite its prevalence, it is often recognized in advanced stages (III or IV) when it has already spread to local lymph nodes. In this study, we investigate the V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) as a potential prognostic factor in OSCC.

The analysis of oral nutritional supplements related aspects among patients with digestive system cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition-related disease particularly occur in patients with digestive system cancer. The administration of oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) is one of the methods of nutritional support recommended for oncological patients. The primary aim of this study was to assess the consumption-related aspects of ONSs among patients with digestive system cancer.

Esophageal cancer and bacterial part of gut microbiota - A multidisciplinary point of view.

There is an urgent need to search for new screening methods that allow early detection of esophageal cancer and thus achieve better clinical outcomes. Nowadays, it is known that the esophagus is not a sterile part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is colonized with various microorganisms therefore a "healthy" esophageal microbiome exists.

Management of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: A Case-Based Review of Clinical Aspects and Perspectives.

Paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma are rare medical conditions. Thus, there are still a small number of studies, clinical trials, and evidence-based data in this field. This makes clinical decisions more difficult.

Association between Maternal Periodontitis and Development of Systematic Diseases in Offspring.

Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common oral conditions affecting both youths and adults. There are some research works suggesting a high incidence of PD in pregnant women. As an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin, PD may result in the activation of the pathways affecting the course and the pregnancy outcome.

Recent Advances in Assessment and Treatment in Kienböck's Disease.

Kienböck's disease is a rare disease described as progressive avascular osteonecrosis of the lunate. The typical manifestations include a unilateral reduction in wrist motion with accompanying pain and swelling. Besides recent advances in treatment options, the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease remain poorly understood.

Molecular Mechanisms Leading from Periodontal Disease to Cancer.

Periodontitis is prevalent in half of the adult population and raises critical health concerns as it has been recently associated with an increased risk of cancer. While information about the topic remains somewhat scarce, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways promoting neoplasia in periodontitis patients is of fundamental importance. This manuscript presents the literature as well as a panel of tables and figures on the molecular mechanisms of and , two main oral pathogens in periodontitis pathology, involved in instigating tumorigenesis.

Current Challenges in Head and Neck Cancer Management.

More than 500,000 new cases of head and neck cancer (HNC) occur each year worldwide [...

Pancreatic Cancer and Gut Microbiome-Related Aspects: A Comprehensive Review and Dietary Recommendations.

Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the human body providing many beneficial effects on the host. However, its dysbiotic alterations may affect the tumorigenic pathway and then trigger the development of pancreatic cancer. This dysbiosis can also modulate the aggressiveness of the tumor, influencing the microenvironment.

Gut Microbiome Modulation and Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Following Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Nowadays, allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative therapy that is mainly recommended for hematologic malignancies. However, complications (such as graft-versus-host disease, mucositis, disease relapse, and infections) associated with the HSCT procedure contribute to the development of gut microbiota imbalance, gut-barrier disruption, and increased intestinal permeability. In the present narrative review, the crosstalk between gut microbiota products and intestinal homeostasis is discussed.

Methods of Topical Administration of Drugs and Biological Active Substances for Dental Implants-A Narrative Review.

Dental implants are, nowadays, established surgical devices for the restoration of lost teeth. Considered as an alternative for traditional prosthetic appliances, dental implants surpass them in reliability and patient feedback. Local drug delivery around the implants promotes osseointegration and reduces peri-implantitis.

ZNF-281 as the Potential Diagnostic Marker of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

ZNF-281 is a zinc finger factor which can lead to cancer progression and metastasis. Its up-regulation reported in many cancers was correlated with metastasis and worsened patients' prognosis. This is the first study describing ZNF-281 in the context of OSCC.

The effect of trehalose on intracellular and extracellular nucleotide metabolism. A pilot study.

Trehalose is a stable, non-reducing disaccharide, which was found recently to stimulate autophagy, limit the inflammatory response and suppress the growth of specific types of cancer. Purinergic signaling and dysregulation of nucleotide metabolism are the key factors, which play a role in the pathophysiology of cancer development and inflammation. Therefore, this study took a novel approach and aimed to find the effect of trehalose on intracellular, and the extracellular metabolism of nucleotides and NAD + in endothelial and breast cancer cells.

Subacute transverse myelitis with optic symptoms in neuroborreliosis: a case report.

Background: Subacute transverse myelitis is one of the late manifestations of neuroborreliosis with only a few cases described to the present day.

Case Presentation: We present magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, and electroneurography findings of a young female patient suffering from neuroborreliosis-associated transverse myelitis with a wide constellation of symptoms including papilloedema. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine has shown an enlargement of the spinal cord in the mid-cervical region.