Prevalence of Major Risk Factors and Assessment of 10-Year Risk for Cardiovascular Diseases Among Adults in Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and the 10-year cardiovascular risk in an adult population residing in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 10 purposively selected neighbourhoods of Yaoundé, involving one adult per household who consented to participate. We collected data on personal and family history, lifestyle and nutritional habits, anthropometric parameters, and blood pressure, and calculated prevalence rates with 95% CI.

Treatment switch from multiple daily insulin injections to sulphonylureas in an African young adult diagnosed with HNF1A MODY: a case report.

Background: Maturity onset diabetes of the young is one of the commonest causes of monogenic diabetes and can easily be mistaken for type 1 diabetes. A diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes of the young can have direct implications for genetic counseling, family screening, and precision diabetes treatment. However, the cost of genetic testing and identifying individuals to test are the main challenges for diagnosis and management in sub-Saharan Africa.

Ten Recommendations for Accelerating Hypertension and Diabetes Control to Reduce Stroke, Heart, and Renal Disease with the Aim to Save Lives in Cameroon Through Partnerships and Collaborations.

Hypertension and diabetes are currently the most common, treatable, and controllable cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors for stroke, heart, and renal diseases in Cameroon. Hypertension affects 30% of adults aged ≥ 20 years with 90% as uncontrolled cases, while type 2 diabetes affects 6% of the same population, with 70% remaining underdiagnosed. Despite publication of the first Roadmap on raised blood pressure by the World Heart Federation in 2015, the Pan African Society of Cardiology Roadmap in 2017, and the technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care (WHO-HEARTS) in 2020, very little progress has been made in improving the diagnosis, treatment, and control of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in Cameroon.

Development and implementation of a nutrition education programme for school-going adolescents in the context of double burden of malnutrition: a narrative essay.

The early prevention of non-communicable diseases in Cameroon schools program was initiated in 2018 to address the alarming trend of obesity among adolescents through a nutrition education intervention aimed at increasing knowledge on nutrition and the benefits of healthy eating and physical activity. The program included: school surveys to document eating habits and health-risky behaviors in students, the development of a training curriculum, training and sensitization sessions for school staff, school vendors and students, and advocacy meetings with parliamentarians and mayors. We carried out a quasi-experimental study to assess the effect of the intervention on the student's knowledge and eating behavior three months after the training sessions.

Pre-Therapeutic Assessment of Older People in Sub-Saharan Africa: Introduction to the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment.

: With the ongoing epidemiological transition in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), conditions that require invasive treatment (surgery, cancer, and anaesthesia, etc.) will become increasingly common. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidisciplinary diagnostic process aimed at identifying older people at risk of negative outcomes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus in Cameroon: prevalence, risk factors and screening strategies.

Background: The burden of gestational diabetes (GDM) and the optimal screening strategies in African populations are yet to be determined. We assessed the prevalence of GDM and the performance of various screening tests in a Cameroonian population.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study involving the screening of 983 women at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy for GDM using serial tests, including fasting plasma (FPG), random blood glucose (RBG), a 1-hour 50g glucose challenge test (GCT), and standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Prevalence, clinical presentation, and risk factors of chronic venous disease in Cameroon: A general population-based study.

Introduction: Chronic venous disease is a global public health problem, with high morbidity and economic distress. There is scarcity of data on this disease in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: We conducted the first population-based study over a period of 20 months from 1st February 2020 to 30th September 2021 in the 10 regions of Cameroon.

The Development of Text Messages to Support People at Risk of Diabetes in Low-Resourced Communities: The South African Diabetes Prevention Programme.

Emerging evidence suggests that the addition of text messages to standard healthy lifestyle interventions may improve the outcomes of diabetes prevention programs (DPP). This paper describes the process of developing text messages targeting behavior change in people at risk of developing diabetes in low-resourced communities as part of the South African DPP (SA-DPP). The development comprised multiple steps led by nutrition and physical activity experts.

Doxycycline vs Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin in the Management of COVID-19 Patients: An Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial in Sub-Saharan Africa (DOXYCOV).

Objective We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of a doxycycline-based regimen against Cameroon National Standard Guidelines (hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin) for the treatment of mild symptomatic COVID-19. Methods We conducted an open-label, randomized, non-inferiority trial in Cameroon comparing doxycycline 100 mg, twice daily for seven days versus hydroxychloroquine 400 mg daily for five days and azithromycin 500 mg at day 1 and 250 mg from day 2 through 5 in mild COVID-19 patients. Clinical recovery, biological parameters, and adverse events were assessed.

A hundred years on: The role of human insulin.

There are multiple insulin preparations, and strengths, available in various delivery devices. Modern insulin analogues are characterised by better safety and tolerability, and are increasingly being used across much of the world. Does there still exist a role for human insulin? This brief communication explores the potential indications for human insulin, while discussing the concerns and caveats related to its use, and suggesting ways of safe and smart use of human insulin.

Interpretation of A1C measurement in sub-Saharan Africa beyond the global A1C-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) equation.

Introduction: optimal metabolic control is crucial for prevention of diabetes associated complications. HbA1c is a correlate of chronic hyperglycemia and is associated with long-term diabetes complications. We investigate the relationship between A1C and estimated average blood glucose (eAG) from the multicenter A1C-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) study, in a sub-Saharan African population.

The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa.

The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, is poorly understood. Most previously conducted studies have suggested that type 1 diabetes may have a different phenotype from the classical form of the disease described in western literature. Making an accurate diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Africa is challenging, given the predominance of atypical diabetes forms and limited resources.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial revenues of public hospitals with a care centre: case of the Yaoundé Central Hospital.

Background: In 2020, the world was confronted with COVID-19, which caused a socio-economic panic in several sectors. The use of hospitals has been affected, with an impact on their financial performance. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the pandemic on the financial performance of a hospital with a care center.

Incidence and prevalence of type 1 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is reported to have significant mortality in Africa. However, there is a paucity of data on pooled estimates of its incidence and prevalence in Africa. This first systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to determine the incidence and prevalence of this condition in Africa.

Bacterial profile of diabetic foot infections and antibiotic susceptibility in a specialized diabetes centre in Cameroon.

Introduction: bacterial profile of diabetic foot infections and the antibiotic susceptibility are essential in the prescription of empirical antibiotics before the results of cultures of deep wound samples are available. The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from infected diabetic foot ulcers in patients attending the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon.

Methods: we retrospectively analyzed the records of patients hospitalized between 2008 and 2013 for diabetic foot infections.

Prevalence and determinants of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a major health problem worldwide. It is associated with high cardiovascular morbi-mortality especially coronary artery disease. Myocardial ischemia is often asymptomatic (silent myocardial ischemia) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus thus making early diagnosis difficult.

Clinical, biochemical, and biomolecular aspects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a group of Cameroonian children and adolescents.

Objectives: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) remains one of the most challenging endocrine disorders to diagnose, manage, and treat, especially in Africa where there is lack of neonatal screening program, and limited access to care. Data on biomolecular anomaly are sparse, therefore type of mutations are unknown, increasing management challenges and genetic counseling. The present study aims to describe clinical, biomolecular aspects of a group of Cameroonian patients.

Stimulated UCPCR Levels Are Lower in People With Type 1 Diabetes Than in Other Diabetes Types in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results From a Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The clinical utility of Urinary C-Peptide to Creatinine Ratio (UCPCR) is well understood in people with different types of diabetes in Caucasian populations, but studies are lacking in African populations. We, therefore, aimed to examine Urinary C-Peptide to Creatinine Ratio levels among groups of people with different types of diabetes in a sub-Saharan African population.

Methods: A total of 47 adults with diabetes; 10 with type 1 diabetes, 26 with type 2 diabetes, 11 with ketosis-prone diabetes, and 22 healthy control individuals, were recruited from Yaoundé Central Hospital in Cameroon.

Factors predicting in-hospital all-cause mortality in COVID 19 patients at the Laquintinie Hospital Douala, Cameroon.

Background: Despite being a global pandemic, little is known about the factors influencing in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to provide data on in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a single large center in Cameroon.

Methods: A hospital-based prospective follow-up was conducted from March 18 to June 30, 2020, including patients >18 years with positive PCR for SARS-COV-2 on nasopharyngeal swab admitted to the Laquintinie Douala hospital COVID unit.

Cardiometabolic profile and leukocyte telomere length in a Black South African population.

Several studies have reported a possible association between leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs). However, studies investigating such association are lacking in South Africa despite having a very high prevalence of CMDs. We investigated the association between LTL and CMD risk profile in a black South African population.

Associations of leucocyte telomere length with cardio-metabolic risk profile in a South African HIV-infected population.

Leukocyte Telomere length (LTL) is an independent predictor of cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) and Human Immuno Virus (HIV) infection. However, studies are lacking on the association between LTL with CMD profile in people with HIV. Accordingly, we investigated the association between LTL and CMD profile in HIV-infected adult South Africans.

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Objective: We sought to evaluate ginger's cardiovascular and metabolic effects (Zingiberofficinale) add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes patients over six weeks.

Methods: We performed a single-arm clinical trial. In well-to-moderately controlled Type 2 diabetic patients with unchanged treatment for at least three months, the intervention consisted of 6-week add-on oral supplementation of powdered ginger extracts in capsules at a dose of 399 mg three times per day.

Research priorities for accelerating the achievement of three 95 HIV goals in Cameroon: a consensus statement from the Cameroon HIV Research Forum (CAM-HERO).

Introduction: the Treat-All remains the globally endorsed approach to attain the 95-95-95 targets and end the AIDS pandemic by 2030, but requires some country-level contextualization. In Cameroon, the specific research agenda to inform strategies for improving HIV policy was yet to be defined.

Methods: under the patronage of the Cameroon Ministry of health, researchers, policy makers, implementing partners, and clinicians from 13 institutions, used the Delphi method to arrive at a consensus of HIV research priorities.