Histologic and Quality Assessment of Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Research Samples: A Large Postmortem Tissue Collection.

Context.—: The National Institutes of Health Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project was developed to elucidate how genetic variation influences gene expression in multiple normal tissues procured from postmortem donors.

Objective.

Notable Histologic Findings in a "Normal" Cohort: The National Institutes of Health Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project.

Context.—: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project was designed to evaluate how genetic variation and epigenetic effects influence gene expression in normal tissue.

Objective.

Impacts of health insurance on tympanostomy tube outcomes in the pediatric population.

Objectives: Tympanostomy tube (TT) placement is a common surgical procedure for treating pediatric patients with chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) with or without recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM). Prior work suggests children from low-income families face significant disparities in access to care for rAOM or COME. The impact of these health disparities in the care of children with rAOM or COME has yet to be investigated in a state with an expanded public health insurance model.

Online Reputations: Comparing Hospital- and Patient-Generated Ratings in Academic Otolaryngology.

Objectives: This study compares hospital-generated online ratings to patient-generated online ratings in academic otolaryngology and evaluates physician factors influencing these results.

Methods: Websites of academic otolaryngologists were assessed for inclusion of hospital-generated Press Ganey surveys. Corresponding scores on Healthgrades and Vitals.

Gender Representation in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Recognition Awards.

Objective: The proportion of women in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) has steadily increased in recent years. This study examines gender representation in recognition awards given by OHNS societies between 2009 and 2019.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of recognition awards given by 10 OHNS societies between 2009 and 2019.

Women and Minorities in Otolaryngology: A Historical Perspective and Analysis of Current Representation.

Over the course of the last century, otolaryngology-head and neck surgery has made significant medical and surgical advancements. Several of these efforts are credited to women and minorities despite their having faced systemic barriers to entering medical schools and the medical professions. This article highlights some of these pioneering doctors and their contributions to the field.

Women in Otolaryngology: Experiences of Being Female in the Specialty.

Objectives: A broad survey of women otolaryngologists on the current state of the field, including opportunities for advancement, support of family leave, and prevalence of harassment, has not been performed since 1998. An update on the experiences of female otolaryngologists is vital to continue to advance the specialty.

Study Design: Anonymous web-based survey.

Satisfaction in Academic Otolaryngology: Do Physician Demographics Impact Press Ganey Survey Scores?

Objectives/hypothesis: Patient satisfaction is increasingly emphasized and measured in healthcare delivery. However, patient satisfaction is multifactorial and difficult to comprehensively assess. The objective of this study was to assess for correlation between patient satisfaction measured by Press Ganey surveys (PGS) and physician demographics of gender, years in practice, academic rank, and specialty in academic otolaryngology.

The Biospecimen Preanalytical Variables Program: A Multiassay Comparison of Effects of Delay to Fixation and Fixation Duration on Nucleic Acid Quality.

Context.—: Despite widespread use of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue in clinical and research settings, potential effects of variable tissue processing remain largely unknown.

Objective.

The histopathological classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms, appendiceal adenocarcinomas and pseudomyxoma peritonei.

The vermiform appendix is the primary site of several distinctive benign and malignant neoplasms. Some can produce the clinical syndrome of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). A consensus on their terminology was reached by an international panel of pathologists and clinicians working under the auspices of the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI), and this review discusses the application of the PSOGI classification to routine reporting.

Long-Term Otologic and Audiometric Outcomes in Patients with Cleft Palate.

Objective Describe longitudinal audiometric and otologic outcomes in patients with cleft palates. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Single academic medical center.

Microbiology of the Upper and Lower Airways in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

Objective To evaluate the microbiology of the upper and lower airways in pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients who underwent sinus surgery. Study Design Retrospective case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care children's hospital.

Maxillofacial injuries among National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes: 2004-2014.

Objective: Participation in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sports increases annually, yet the risk of maxillofacial injuries among these athletes is unknown. We report the incidence and trends in maxillofacial injuries among NCAA athletes.

Study Design: Retrospective study of the NCAA Injury Surveillance System (ISS) representing athletes from seven men's and eight women's sports across Divisions 1, 2, and 3.

Impostor syndrome and burnout among American medical students: a pilot study.

Objectives: To describe levels of burnout and impostor syndrome (IS) in medical students, and to recognize demographic differences in those experiencing burnout and IS.

Methods: Anonymous survey administered online in 2014 that included demographic data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and an IS screening questionnaire. Main outcome measures were level of burnout, and presence or absence of imposter syndrome.

Intraoperative hypotension associated with massive deep space neck abscesses in a 9-month old: A case report.

The neck is divided into multiple compartments by cervical fasciae. The deep space compartments, which all have a potential for becoming infected, are interconnected, providing a mechanism for the spread of infections. Thus, infections of the deep spaces can lead to devastating consequences, especially when there is extension to the mediastinum.

A Consensus for Classification and Pathologic Reporting of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei and Associated Appendiceal Neoplasia: The Results of the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) Modified Delphi Process.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a complex disease with unique biological behavior that usually arises from appendiceal mucinous neoplasia. The classification of PMP and its primary appendiceal neoplasia is contentious, and an international modified Delphi consensus process was instigated to address terminology and definitions. A classification of mucinous appendiceal neoplasia was developed, and it was agreed that "mucinous adenocarcinoma" should be reserved for lesions with infiltrative invasion.

A Novel Approach to High-Quality Postmortem Tissue Procurement: The GTEx Project.

The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, sponsored by the NIH Common Fund, was established to study the correlation between human genetic variation and tissue-specific gene expression in non-diseased individuals. A significant challenge was the collection of high-quality biospecimens for extensive genomic analyses. Here we describe how a successful infrastructure for biospecimen procurement was developed and implemented by multiple research partners to support the prospective collection, annotation, and distribution of blood, tissues, and cell lines for the GTEx project.

Incidence of Concussion in Patients With Isolated Mandible Fractures.

Importance: This study examines the association between isolated mandible fractures and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Objective: To determine the rates of mTBI in patients who have sustained isolated mandible fractures.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A prospective study was conducted among patients who sustained isolated mandible fractures within 24 hours of presentation.

Evaluation of colon cancer histomorphology: a comparison between formalin and PAXgene tissue fixation by an international ring trial.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality of histo- and cytomorphological features of PAXgene-fixed specimens and their suitability for histomorphological classification in comparison to standard formalin fixation. Fifteen colon cancer tissues were collected, divided into two mirrored samples and either formalin fixed (FFPE) or PAXgene fixed (PFPE) before paraffin embedding. HE- and PAS-stained sections were scanned and evaluated in a blinded, randomised ring trial by 20 pathologists from Europe and the USA using virtual microscopy.

Improving the TNM classification: findings from a 10-year continuous literature review.

The Union for International Cancer Control's (UICC) TNM classification is a globally accepted system to describe the anatomic extent of malignant tumors. Since its development seventy years ago, the TNM classification has undergone significant revisions to reflect the current understanding of extent of disease and its role in prognosis. To ensure that revisions are evidence-based, the UICC implemented a process for continuous improvement of the TNM classification that included a formalized system for submitting proposals for revisions directly to the UICC and an annual review of the scientific literature on staging that assessed, criticized or made suggestions for changes.

Trends of online ratings of otolaryngologists: what do your patients really think of you?

Importance: The otolaryngologist's online reputation is of increasing importance. Physician rating websites are becoming increasingly prevalent, and patients are using them to evaluate their current and future physicians.

Objective: To evaluate patterns in online ratings of otolaryngologists.

Spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula: challenges in clinical and radiologic diagnosis.

We present a 47-year-old female patient with spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula without comorbidities. The symptoms of a carotid-cavernous fistula may be confused with other pathology in the region of the orbit and cavernous sinus such as cavernous sinus thrombosis. Carotid-cavernous fistulas most commonly result from direct injury to the internal carotid artery, as with skull base or surgical trauma, but it can also result from weakness in the arterial wall, as with an aneurysm.

Non-formalin fixative versus formalin-fixed tissue: a comparison of histology and RNA quality.

Preanalytical handling of tissue samples can influence bioanalyte quality and ultimately outcome of analytical results. The aim of this study was to compare RNA quality, performance in real time RT PCR and histology of formalin-fixed tissue to that of tissue fixed and stabilized with a formalin-free fixative, the PAXgene Tissue System (PAXgene), in an animal model under highly controlled preanalytical conditions. Samples of rat liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, lung, heart muscle, brain, and stomach tissue were either fixed in formalin or fixed in PAXgene or fresh frozen in liquid nitrogen.