Identification of immune biomarkers in recent active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) has remained an unsolved problem and a major public health issue, particularly in developing countries. Pakistan is one of the countries with the highest tuberculosis infection rates globally. However, methods or biomarkers to detect early signs of TB infection are limited.

Expression profile of KIR3DS1/KIR3DL1 receptors in association with immunological responses in TB, HIV and HIV/TB infected patients.

Several studies investigated KIR3DS1 and KIR3DL1 in the context of various infections. However, none of the studies were performed on KIR3DS1/L1 in association with IFN-ɣ/IL-10 in TB, HIV-1, and their confections. We aimed to evaluate KIR3DS1/KIR3DL1 expression in association with IFNɣ/IL-10 in HIV-1 and TB mono-infections and HIV-1/TB confection and compared with uninfected controls using RTq PCR.