Effect of Hydration States on the Anti-Icing/Frosting Performance of Zwitterionic Hydrogel-Coated Surfaces.

Zwitterionic polymers have gained considerable research attention because of their unique properties and have been widely used in many biomedical and electrochemical applications. Recently, zwitterionic polymers have been investigated for use as anti-icing/frosting surfaces; however, key factors influencing their anti-icing/frosting performance and effectiveness under real operational conditions remain underexplored. Therefore, in this study, we quantitatively analyze the hydration states of zwitterionic hydrogels synthesized from polymerizable zwitterions, such as carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA).

Aligned Ion Conduction Pathway of Polyrotaxane-Based Electrolyte with Dispersed Hydrophobic Chains for Solid-State Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

A critical challenge hindering the practical application of lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) is the inevitable problems associated with liquid electrolytes, such as evaporation and safety problems. Our study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane (mPR)-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves conductivity. mPR-SPE exhibits high ion conductivity (2.

Physical Properties of Poly(ether-thiourea)-Based Elastomer Formed by Zigzag Hydrogen Bonding and Slidable Cross-Linking.

In this study, the effects of zigzag hydrogen bonding and slidable cross-linking on the design of stretchable elastomers were explored. Poly(ether-thiourea) (TU), capable of generating strong zigzag hydrogen bonds without crystallization, was introduced as the main chain in the non-cross-linked region of the developed elastomer. Consequently, the toughness of the TU-based elastomer was 14 times higher than that of elastomers formed using linear poly(ethylene glycol), despite the relatively low molecular weight of TU (∼3k).

Toddler-teacher interaction and teachers' sensitivity as predictors of toddler's development during COVID-19: Stability or change over time.

This study examined the stability and change patterns among toddlers' interactions with their teachers, teachers' sensitivity, and toddlers' development during the COVID-19 pandemic and the three plausible paths were tested to identify which of the study variables affected the development of toddlers in subsequent periods over time. The subjects of this study were 63 toddlers and 6 head teachers who attended a subsidized child care center, located in Kyunggi province, Korea. In order to carry out the research objectives, a non-experimental survey research design was undertaken, and the qualitative data was obtained via on-site observations by trained researchers.

Interparental Conflict and Korean Children's Inhibitory Control: Testing Emotional Insecurity as a Mediator.

This study examined the association between interparental conflict and inhibitory control of Korean children, and it investigated whether this relationship is mediated by the single latent variable of emotional insecurity or by three dimensions of emotional insecurity (i.e., involvement, emotional reactivity, and avoidance).