Secular trends in dental caries in Korean children and adolescents: 2007-2019 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey.

Dental caries is a common preventable childhood disease that has negative effects on physical, psychological, and social well-being. The present study was conducted to examine the secular trends in the prevalence of dental caries among Korean children and adolescents over time through subgroup analysis based on age, sex, abdominal obesity, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This serial cross-sectional study utilized representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, covering the period from 2007 to 2019.

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Accompanied by Cholelithiasis and Nephrolithiasis: A Case Report.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, growth/cognitive retardation, developmental delay, skeletal malformation, hypertrichosis, and other abnormalities. Patients with mild CdLS have less severe phenotypes, while retaining representative facial features. Mutations in the genes , , , , and have been associated with CdLS, with mutations in accounting for approximately 60% of cases.

Characteristics of Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis at Diagnosis in Korea: Results From a Multicenter, Registry-Based, Inception Cohort Study.

Background: We aimed to investigate the characteristics of pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) at diagnosis in Korea.

Methods: This was a multicenter, registry-based, inception cohort study conducted in Korea between 2021 and 2023. Children and adolescents newly diagnosed with UC < 18 years were included.

Relationship of the Degree of Sarcopenia with the Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents.

The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia has been suggested. We investigated sarcopenia's impact on NAFLD severity and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk in adolescents. We conducted a retrospective study on 122 patients aged 13-18 years and diagnosed with both NAFLD and sarcopenia by laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasound (US), and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Fecal Calprotectin at Postinduction Is Capable of Predicting Persistent Remission and Endoscopic Healing after 1 Year of Treatment with Infliximab in Pediatric Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Background/aims: : The recent update on Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease initiative has added a decrease in fecal calprotectin (FC) to an acceptable range as an intermediate target for Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to investigate whether postinduction FC could predict future persistent remission (PR) and endoscopic healing (EH) after 1 year of treatment with infliximab (IFX) in pediatric patients with CD.

Methods: : This multicenter retrospective observational study included pediatric patients with CD who were followed up for at least 1 year after starting IFX.

Factors Associated with Reaching Mid-Parental Height in Patients Diagnosed with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood and Adolescent Period.

Background/aims: The recent update on the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease initiative has added normal growth in children as an intermediate target in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We aimed to investigate factors associated with reaching mid-parental height (MPH) in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease in childhood and the adolescent period.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective observational study included pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease that had reached adult height.

Infliximab trough levels are associated with endoscopic healing but not with transmural healing at one year treatment with infliximab in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease.

Introduction: It is well known that infliximab (IFX) trough levels (TLs) are associated with endoscopic healing (EH) in Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated whether IFX TLs are associated with transmural healing (TH) in pediatric patients with CD following 1-year treatment.

Methods: Pediatric patients with CD treated with IFX were included in this single-center prospective study.

A Nationwide Survey on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Practice Patterns among Pediatric Endoscopists in South Korea.

Purpose: Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is an important tool for diagnosing and treating GI diseases in children. This study aimed to analyze the current GI endoscopy practice patterns among South Korean pediatric endoscopists.

Methods: Twelve members of the Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition developed a questionnaire.

Fecal Calprotectin Levels Significantly Correlate with Polyp Size in Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Colorectal Polyps.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate factors that correlate with fecal calprotectin (FC) levels in children and adolescents with colorectal polyps.

Methods: Pediatric patients aged <19 years who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy for a juvenile polyps (JPs) and FC tests were simultaneously conducted in a multicenter, retrospective study. Baseline demographics, colonoscopic and histological findings, and laboratory tests, including FC levels, were investigated.

WavelNet: A novel convolutional neural network architecture for arrhythmia classification from electrocardiograms.

Background And Objective: Automated detection of arrhythmias from electrocardiograms (ECGs) can be of considerable assistance to medical professionals in providing efficient treatment for patients with cardiovascular diseases. In recent times, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based arrhythmia classification models have been introduced, but their decision-making processes remain unclear and their performances are not reproducible. This paper proposes an accurate, interpretable, and reproducible end-to-end arrhythmia classification model based on a novel CNN architecture named WavelNet, which is interpretable and optimal for dealing with ECGs.

The Changes in Trends of Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Conducted in Children and Adolescents after the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea.

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected medical practice in diverse ways. We aimed to investigate the change in trends of lower gastrointestinal (LGI) endoscopy conducted in children and adolescents after the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea. Material and Methods: This was a multicenter, retrospective study conducted in Korea.

Cardiac Complications Associated with Eating Disorders in Children: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Eating disorders often result in somatic complications, including cardiac abnormalities. Cardiac abnormalities may involve any part of the heart, including the cardiac conduction system, and can lead to sudden cardiac death. The current study aimed to evaluate the incidence of cardiac complications in pediatric patients with eating disorders and their associated factors.

Associations of Polyp Characteristics in Children and Adolescents Presenting with Less Than Five Colorectal Polyps: A Full Colonoscopy Is Still Required.

Background/aims: A full colonoscopy is currently required in children and adolescents with colorectal polyps, because of their potential of neoplastic transformation and complications such as intussusception. We aimed to analyze the associations of polyp characteristics in children and adolescents with colorectal polyps. Based on these findings, we also aimed to reevaluate the necessity of conducting a full colonoscopy.

Neutralizing Antibody Response, Safety, and Efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Multicenter Case-Control Study.

The vaccination of immunocompromised children against coronavirus disease 2019 is an important public health issue. We evaluated the serological response, safety, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine in children with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A prospective, multicenter, case-control study was conducted in a pediatric population, including patients with IBD, aged 12-18 years.

Transmural healing evaluated by magnetic resonance enterography in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease receiving maintenance treatment with biologics.

Background: The optimal treatment goal in Crohn's disease (CD) is endoscopic healing (EH). However, transmural healing (TH) facilitated by the development and increasing performance of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is emerging as a potential treatment goal.

Aims: To assess TH rates after 1 year of treatment by MRE and its relationship with EH in paediatric patients with CD receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents, and to investigate factors associated with TH after 1 year of treatment.

Effects of anxiety on sedation among pediatric patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

We investigated whether the severity of anxiety among children undergoing endoscopy could affect sedation. We prospectively recruited patients under 18 years of age who were scheduled to undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Baseline anxiety was evaluated using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS).

Potential Utility of Fecal Calprotectin in Discriminating Colorectal Polyps From Other Major Etiologies in Children Presenting With Isolated Hematochezia.

Background: Colorectal polyps are the most common cause of isolated hematochezia in children, which requires a colonoscopy for diagnosis. We aimed to investigate the potential utility of fecal calprotectin (FC) in assessing colorectal polyps detected by colonoscopy among children presenting with isolated hematochezia.

Methods: Pediatric patients of the age of < 18 years who had undergone both colonoscopy and FC tests for isolated hematochezia from June 2016 to May 2020 were included in the present multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study.

NUDT15 intermediate metabolisers are associated with lower loss of response in paediatric Crohn's disease patients treated by combination treatment with infliximab and azathioprine.

Background: NUDT15 polymorphisms are associated with leukopenia during treatment with thiopurines. However, data regarding its effect on treatment outcomes are scarce.

Aims: To investigate the outcomes between NUDT15 normal and intermediate metabolisers in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD) treated with a combination therapy of infliximab (IFX) and azathioprine (AZA).