Engineering xylose utilization in Cupriavidus necator for enhanced poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from mixed sugars.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable feedstock for biodegradable plastics like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Cupriavidus necator, a versatile microbial host that synthesizes poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), the most abundant type of PHA, has been studied to expand its carbon source utilization. Since C.

Development of a Long-Acting Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Using Serum Albumin Fab-Associated Technology for Female Infertility.

Background: Recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rhFSH) is commonly used to treat female infertility, but its short half-life necessitates multiple doses. Even corifollitropin alfa, with an extended half-life, requires supplementary injections of rhFSH after 7 days. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a long-acting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) formulation using anti-serum albumin Fab-associated (SAFA) technology to avoid additional injections and enhance ovarian function.

Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) on Biomarker Expression in Breast Cancer.

: This study aimed to explore biomarker change after NAC (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and to investigate biomarker expression as a prognostic factor in patients with residual disease (RD) after NAC. : We retrospectively evaluated 104 patients with invasive breast cancer, who underwent NAC and surgery at Pusan National University Hospital from 2015 to July 2022. The expression of the biomarker was assessed, and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated.

hsa-miR-CHA2, a novel microRNA, exhibits anticancer effects by suppressing cyclin E1 in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Despite considerable therapeutic advancements, the global survival rate for lung cancer patients remains poor, posing challenges in developing an effective treatment strategy. In many cases, microRNAs (miRNAs) exhibit abnormal expression levels in cancers, including lung cancer. Dysregulated miRNAs often play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer.

Cell-Free Synthesis: Expediting Biomanufacturing of Chemical and Biological Molecules.

The increasing demand for sustainable alternatives underscores the critical need for a shift away from traditional hydrocarbon-dependent processes. In this landscape, biomanufacturing emerges as a compelling solution, offering a pathway to produce essential chemical materials with significantly reduced environmental impacts. By utilizing engineered microorganisms and biomass as raw materials, biomanufacturing seeks to achieve a carbon-neutral footprint, effectively counteracting the carbon dioxide emissions associated with fossil fuel use.

Characterization of Seven New Steroidal Saponins from Korean Oat Cultivars by UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-MS/MS.

Oat saponins are composed of triterpenoid and steroidal saponins, and their potential biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungicidal, osteogenic, and anticancer activities, have been reported. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of oat saponins were conducted by using UPLC-QToF-MS and UPLC-Triple Q-MS/MS. A total of 22 saponins were analyzed in seven Korean oat cultivars.

Intermittent Fasting Reduces Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Downregulating Lipocalin-2 and Galectin-3.

Intermittent fasting (IF), an alternating pattern of dietary restriction, reduces obesity-induced insulin resistance and inflammation. However, the crosstalk between adipose tissue and the hippocampus in diabetic encephalopathy is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the protective effects of IF against neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice.

TonEBP Haploinsufficiency Attenuates Microglial Activation and Memory Deficits in Middle-Aged and Amyloid β Oligomer-Treated Mice.

Age-related microglial activation is associated with cognitive impairment. Tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) is a critical mediator of microglial activation in response to neuroinflammation. However, the precise role of TonEBP in the middle-aged brain is not yet known.

Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis by Enhancing the Hepatic Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway.

An intermittent fasting (IF) regimen has been shown to protect against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored how IF reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with MASH.

Imaging-Based Versus Pathologic Survival Stratifications of Diffuse Glioma According to the 2021 WHO Classification System.

Objective: Imaging-based survival stratification of patients with gliomas is important for their management, and the 2021 WHO classification system must be clinically tested. The aim of this study was to compare integrative imaging- and pathology-based methods for survival stratification of patients with diffuse glioma.

Materials And Methods: This study included diffuse glioma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (training set: 141 patients) and Asan Medical Center (validation set: 131 patients).

V600E Mutation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Korean Patients.

mutational status in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the Korean population is poorly understood. We explored (particularly V600E) mutational status among Korean patients with NSCLC. : This study included 378 patients with resected primary NSCLC who were enrolled from January 2015 to December 2017.

Amyloid β oligomer promotes microglial galectin-3 and astrocytic lipocalin-2 levels in the hippocampus of mice fed a high-fat diet.

Type 2 diabetes is associated with a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Activation of glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, is crucial for the development of neuroinflammation in both diabetes and AD. The role of amyloid-beta oligomer (AβO) in the hippocampus of diabetic mice has been investigated; however, the effect of galectin-3 and lipocalin-2 (LCN2) on amyloid toxicity-related glial activation in diabetic mice is not known.

Lipocalin-2 deletion attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammation via downregulating chemotaxis-related genes.

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute phase protein used as a biomarker for acute lung injury (ALI). Although the innate immune functions of LCN2 have been studied, how LCN2 contributes to ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of LCN2 deletion on LPS-induced ALI using RNA-sequencing.

Bronchitis, COPD, and pneumonia after viral endemic of patients with leprosy on Sorok Island in South Korea.

Viral respiratory diseases (VRDs) cause lung inflammation and inflammatory cytokine production. We study whether dapsone is responsible for its observed preventive treatment effects of the sustained viral RNA interferon response. Around 2008 and 2012, Korea's Dementia Management Act stipulated drastic changes in the administration of dementia medication by medical staff.

Histological Remission Placebo Rates in Ulcerative Colitis Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: High histologic remission rates have been reported with placebos in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ulcerative colitis (UC) therapies and have varied based on trial designs. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify placebo histological remission rates and identify factors influencing those rates.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception of the databases until December 2021.

The Use of Cell-free Protein Synthesis to Push the Boundaries of Synthetic Biology.

Cell-free protein synthesis is emerging as a powerful tool to accelerate the progress of synthetic biology. Notably, cell-free systems that harness extracted synthetic machinery of cells can address many of the issues associated with the complexity and variability of living systems. In particular, cell-free systems can be programmed with various configurations of genetic information, providing great flexibility and accessibility to the field of synthetic biology.

HER2 status based on breast cancer guidelines as a useful prognostic marker of T2 gallbladder cancer.

Introduction: T2 gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the only stage showing a survival benefit after complete surgical resection, but recurrence rates remain high. Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has emerged as a therapeutic target, its role in T2 GBC remains unclear. This study investigated the status and prognostic impact of HER2 expression on T2 GBC.

Complete resection of large-cell neuroendocrine and hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver: A case report.

Background: Combined tumors comprising large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma have been rarely reported in the literature.

Case Summary: We report a case of a 73-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis B suspected to have a malignant hepatic mass (segment 3; size, 4.5 cm) and lymph node metastasis based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Comprehensive characterization of flavonoid derivatives in young leaves of core-collected soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars based on high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Most previous studies have been focused on isoflavone profile with biological activities from soybean seed and its related products. However, in the present study, eighty-three flavonoid derivatives (55 flavonols, 9 flavones and 19 isoflavones) were comprehensively identified and quantified from young leaves of 21 core-collected soybean cultivars based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector with quadrupole time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS). Among total flavonoids from soybean leaves (SLs), the abundant flavonols (83.

Lipocalin-2 Deficiency Reduces Hepatic and Hippocampal Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 Expressions in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice.

Background: Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute-phase protein that has been linked to insulin resistance, diabetes, and neuroinflammatory diseases. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) has been also implicated in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. However, the potential role of LCN2 on TREM2 in diabetic mouse models is not fully understood.

Changes in Isoflavone Profile from Soybean Seeds during Fermentation Based on High-Resolution UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS: New Succinylated and Phosphorylated Conjugates.

In this study, thirty-eight isoflavone derivatives were comprehensively identified and quantified from the raw, steamed and fermented seeds of four selected soybean cultivars based on UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS results with reference to the previously reported LC-MS library and flavonoid database, and summarized by acylated group including glucosides (Glu), malonyl-glucosides (Mal-Glu), acetyl-glucosides (Ac-Glu), succinyl-glucosides (Suc-Glu) and phosphorylated conjugates (Phos) in addition to aglycones. Among them, Suc-Glu and Phos derivatives were newly generated due to fermentation by AFY-2 (). In particular, Phos were characterized for the first time in fermented soy products using species.

Diagnostic yield of MR myelography in patients with newly diagnosed spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To investigate the pooled diagnostic yield of MR myelography in patients with newly diagnosed spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH).

Methods: A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases was conducted until July 25, 2021, including studies with the following inclusion criteria: (a) population: patients with newly diagnosed SIH; (b) diagnostic modality: MR myelography or MR myelography with intrathecal gadolinium for evaluation of CSF leakage; (c) outcomes: diagnostic yield of MR myelography or MR myelography with intrathecal gadolinium. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool.

Relationship between high bile juice amylase levels and chronic bacterial infections in patients with gallbladder cancer.

Purpose: Pancreatic enzyme reflux into the biliary tract is associated with chronic inflammation and increased cellular proliferation in the biliary epithelium, leading to biliary carcinoma. We evaluated the relationship between high bile juice amylase levels and biliary microflora in patients with malignant gallbladder lesions.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 25 gallbladder specimens were obtained from patients with gallbladder cancer to evaluate amylase levels and perform bacterial culture.

Characterization of Saponins from Various Parts of Using UPLC-QToF/MS.

(PG) is known as a high-potential material in terms of its biological activity. The objective of this report is to provide chromatographic and mass fragment ion data of 38 simultaneously identified saponins, including novel compounds, by analyzing them through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF/MS). In so doing, we investigated their diverse conditions, including morphological parts (stems, roots, buds, and leaves), peeling (or not), and blanching of PG.

Lymphocyte-activating gene-3 expression is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels in HER2-positive breast cancers.

Lymphocyte-activating gene-3 (LAG-3, CD223) is the third inhibitory receptor targeted for immunotherapy. Several clinical trials investigating the use of interventions targeting LAG-3 are underway. The exact signaling mechanism downstream of LAG-3 is largely unknown, especially in breast cancer.