High-Throughput Chemotherapeutic Drug Screening System for Gastric Cancer (Cure-GA).

Background: Three dimensional (3D) cell cultures can be effectively used for drug discovery and development but there are still challenges in their general application to high-throughput screening. In this study, we developed a novel high-throughput chemotherapeutic 3D drug screening system for gastric cancer, named 'Cure-GA', to discover clinically applicable anticancer drugs and predict therapeutic responses.

Methods: Primary cancer cells were isolated from 143 fresh surgical specimens by enzymatic treatment.

Exploring the relationship between YouTube video characteristics and a viewer's mental health traits among young adults.

We investigated the relationship between individuals' mental health traits and the characteristics of YouTube videos they watch. The mental health traits considered were stress, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem, which were measured using a survey questionnaire. We considered violence shown in a video, brightness and saturation of a video as video characteristics.

Effect of precursors and stress factors on yeast isolated from fermented extract and their biogenic amine formation.

Unlabelled: Biogenic amines are produced during fermentation and can act as harmful substances. Strains related to the fermentation of extract were identified and and were selected to investigate the relationship between biogenic amines and precursors, NaCl or ethanol. Biogenic amines were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Effects of Soaking and Fermentation Time on Biogenic Amines Content of () Extract.

extract, a fruit-juice concentrate derived from prepared by fermenting with sugar, is widely used with increasing popularity in Korea. Biogenic amines in maesil extract were extracted with 0.4 M perchloric acid, derivatized with dansyl chloride, and detected using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Effects of isometric hip movements on electromyographic activities of the trunk muscles during plank exercises.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isometric hip adduction and abduction on trunk muscle activity during plank exercises. [Subjects and Methods] Nineteen healthy male subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects performed the traditional plank exercise (TP), plank exercise with isometric hip adduction (PHAD), and plank exercise with isometric hip abduction (PHAB) by using an elastic band.

Diagnostic performance of abdominal CT for diagnosis of pelvic fractures: comparison with pelvic CT.

Background: In the emergency department, patients with abdominopelvic trauma inadvertently undergo both abdominal computed tomography (CT) (for intra-abdominal and intra-pelvic organs) and pelvic CT (CT with multiplanar reformation in three orthogonal planes of the bony pelvis). However, the systemic use of CT is concerning given the cumulative radiation dose.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of abdominal CT in comparison to pelvic CT in patients with suspected pelvic fractures.

Increased signal intensity at the proximal patellar tendon: correlation between MR imaging and histology in eight cadavers and clinical MR imaging studies.

Objectives: We set out to investigate the cause of persistently increased signal intensity (SI) in the posterior portion of the proximal patellar tendon (pPT) on T1-weighted images (T1WI).

Methods: MR imaging was performed in eight cadavers, followed by gross histological examination. In addition, 84 patients without trauma history or anterior knee pain were included to compare the SI of the PTs.

Repaired supraspinatus tendons in clinically improving patients: early postoperative findings and interval changes on MRI.

Objective: To demonstrate and further determine the incidences of repaired supraspinatus tendons on early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in clinically improving patients and to evaluate interval changes on follow-up MRIs.

Materials And Methods: Fifty patients, who showed symptomatic and functional improvements after supraspinatus tendon repair surgery and who underwent postoperative MRI twice with a time interval, were included. The first and the second postoperative MRIs were obtained a mean of 4.

Osteochondral lesion of the bilateral femoral heads in a young athletic patient.

Osteochondral lesions of the femoral head are uncommon and few studies have reported their imaging findings. Since joints are at risk of early degeneration after osteochondral damage, timely recognition is important. Osteochondral lesions of femoral head may often be necessary to differentiate from avascular necrosis.

[A case of cryptococcal meningitis mimicking hepatic encephalopathy in a patient with liver cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis C].

Cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated fungus, is an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause meningitis in im-munocompromised patients. Since patients with cryptococcemia have high mortality, it is essential to make an early diagnosis and promptly initiate antifungal therapy. However, it is often very difficult to differentiate between cryptococcal meningitis and hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis, and there is delay in making the diagnosis.

Changes in dissociation efficiency and kinetics of peptide ions induced by basic residues and their mechanistic implication.

With matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry, total abundance of product ions formed by dissociation inside (in-source decay, ISD) and outside (post-source decay, PSD) the source was measured for peptide ions [Y(5)X + H](+), [XY(5) + H](+), [Y 2)XY(3) + H](+), and [XY(4)X + H](+) (X = tyrosine (Y), histidine (H), lysine (K), and arginine (R) with H for the ionizing proton). α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinammic acid was used as matrix. Product abundance became smaller in the presence of basic residues (H, K, and R), in the order Y > H ≈ K > R.

A comparative study of in- and post-source decays of peptide and preformed ions in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: effective temperature and matrix effect.

In-source decay (ISD) and post-source decay (PSD) of a peptide ion ([Y(6) + H](+)) and a preformed ion (benzyltriphenylphosphonium, BTPP) generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) were investigated with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinammic acid (CHCA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) were used as matrices. For both ions, ISD yield was unaffected by delay time, indicating rapid termination of ISD.

Dissociation mechanisms and implication for the presence of multiple conformations for peptide ions with arginine at the C-terminus: time-resolved photodissociation study.

Time-resolved photodissociation (PD) patterns of singly protonated peptides with arginine at the C-terminus (C-arg peptide ions) have been used to classify the dissociation channels into two categories, i.e. high-energy channels generating v, w and x and low-energy ones generating b, y and z.

Dissociation kinetics of singly protonated leucine enkephalin investigated by time-resolved photodissociation tandem mass spectrometry.

The yields of post-source decay (PSD) and time-resolved photodissociation (PD) at 193 and 266 nm were measured for singly protonated leucine enkephalin ([YGGFL + H](+)), a benchmark in the study of peptide ion dissociation, by using tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The peptide ion was generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix. The critical energy (E(0)) and entropy (DeltaS(++) at 1000 K) for the dissociation were determined by Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus fit of the experimental data.

Influence of basic residues on dissociation kinetics and dynamics of singly protonated peptides: time-resolved photodissociation study.

Product ion yields in postsource decay and time-resolved photodissociation at 193 and 266 nm were measured for some peptide ions with lysine ([KF6 + H]+, [F6K + H]+, and [F3KF3 + H]+) formed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. The critical energy (E0) and entropy (DeltaS(double dagger)) were determined by RRKM fitting of the data. The results were similar to those found previously for peptide ions with histidine.

Time-resolved photodissociation study of singly protonated peptides with a histidine residue generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization: dissociation rate constant and internal temperature.

Product ion yields in post-source decay and time-resolved photodissociation at 193 and 266 nm were measured for some peptide ions with a histidine residue ([HF(6) + H](+), [F(6)H + H](+), and [F(3)HF(3) + H](+)) formed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). Compared with similar data for peptide ions without any basic residue reported previously, significant reduction in dissociation efficiency was observed. Internal temperatures (T) of the peptide ions and their dissociation kinetic parameters-the critical energy (E(0)) and entropy (DeltaS(double dagger))-were determined by the method reported previously.

Temperature of peptide ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and their dissociation kinetic parameters.

Product ion yields in postsource decay and photodissociation at 193 and 266 nm were measured for some peptide ions without a basic amino acid residue ([Y(6) + H](+), [F(5) + H](+), and [YPFVEPI + H](+)) generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). Data indicated statistical nature for the dissociation processes. Assuming that peptide ions formed by MALDI are in thermal equilibrium at temperature T and that their dissociation rate constants are specified by the critical energy (E(0)) and entropy (DeltaS(double dagger)), a method based on kinetic analysis was devised to determine these parameters simultaneously.

Time-resolved photodissociation of singly protonated peptides with an arginine at the N-terminus: a statistical interpretation.

Time-evolution of product ion signals in ultraviolet photodissociation (UV-PD) of singly protonated peptides with an arginine at the N-terminus was investigated by using a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a cell floated at high voltage. Observation of different time-evolution patterns for different product ion types--an apparently nonstatistical behavior--could be explained within the statistical framework by invoking consecutive formation of some product ions and broad internal energy distributions for precursor ions. a(n) + 1 and b(n) ions were taken as the primary product ions from this type of peptide ions.

Development of a time-resolved method for photodissociation mechanistic study of protonated peptides: use of a voltage-floated cell in a tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Photodissociation at 266 nm of some protonated peptides was investigated using a tandem-TOF spectrometer equipped with a cell near its first time focal point where the laser was irradiated. When a high voltage was applied to the cell, each product ion peak split into several components with different flight times. One of these was due to in-cell direct formation of the product ion and another due to post-cell formation.

Characteristics of photodissociation at 193 nm of singly protonated peptides generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI).

Photodissociation (PD) at 193 nm of various singly protonated peptides was investigated. These include peptides with an arginine residue at the C-terminus, N-terminus, at both termini, inside the chain, and those without an arginine residue. Monoisotopomeric selection was made for the precursor ions.

A deflection system to reduce the interference from post-source decay product ions in photodissociation tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

A deflection system consisting of four deflectors was designed and used to reduce the interference from post-source decay (PSD) product ions in photodissociation (PD) tandem time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. For simple protonated peptides generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, the presence of PSD product ions at the laser irradiation spot was found to noticeably alter the minor peaks in the PD spectra even though the major ones were hardly affected. Other benefits from the use of the deflection system such as the improvement in the resolving power in PSD tandem mass spectra are discussed.

Photodissociation of singly protonated peptides at 193 nm investigated with tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Photodissociation at 193 nm of some singly protonated peptides generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization was investigated using tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. For peptides with arginine at the C-terminus, x, upsilon, and w fragment ions were generated preferentially while a and d fragment ions dominated for peptides with arginine at the N-terminus. These are the same characteristics as photodissociation at 157 nm reported previously.

Enhancement of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization photodissociation tandem time-of-flight mass spectra; spectral reduction and cleanup of isotopomeric contamination.

Weak signal intensity and poor precursor ion selection are the major difficulties in tandem time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry of ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Even though the latter can be overcome in photodissociation (PD) tandem TOF mass spectrometry via ion pulse-PD laser pulse synchronization, clean monoisotopic selection of precursor ions of high m/z can often be difficult for various reasons. A considerable enhancement of post-source decay (PSD) and PD tandem mass spectra has been achieved in this work via single-ion detection and post-acquisition reduction of the spectra.