Can a Culturally Adapted Autism Training Reduce Stigma Towards Autistic People in South Korea?

This randomized controlled trial examined the effectiveness of an online autism training intervention in reducing stigma toward autistic individuals. Participants were 208 Korean undergraduate students who were blinded to group allocation, with 106 assigned to the autism training and 102 assigned to a control intervention. All participants completed an online Qualtrics survey that included a pre-test survey (perceived similarity to different minority groups), the training, and a post-test survey (perceived similarity, stigma toward autistic people, knowledge about autism, confidence in their knowledge, and open-responses question asking for descriptions of autism).

Developing a Framework for Self-regulatory Governance in Healthcare AI Research: Insights from South Korea.

This paper elucidates and rationalizes the ethical governance system for healthcare AI research, as outlined in the 'Research Ethics Guidelines for AI Researchers in Healthcare' published by the South Korean government in August 2023. In developing the guidelines, a four-phase clinical trial process was expanded to six stages for healthcare AI research: preliminary ethics review (stage 1); creating datasets (stage 2); model development (stage 3); training, validation, and evaluation (stage 4); application (stage 5); and post-deployment monitoring (stage 6). Researchers identified similarities between clinical trials and healthcare AI research, particularly in research subjects, management and regulations, and application of research results.

Barriers to Providing Transitional Supports for Autistic Students: Insights of School Professionals.

Following high school exit, many autistic young adults are not enrolled in post-secondary education or employed, and few are engaged in community activities. This disengagement among autistic young adults may be a result of the limited or inadequate supports provided to autistic transition-age youth in schools. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to explore how school professionals report preparing transition-age autistic youth for adulthood and the barriers that make it difficult for school professionals to provide quality transition services.

Effectiveness of School-Based Oral Health Education for Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The global burden of oral diseases is high, but access to oral health care is still problematic, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The prevention of oral diseases in the child and adolescent population is the key as it can be prevented and potentially reversed at its early stages. This study aimed to provide evidence on the effectiveness of school-based oral health education in low- and middle-income countries through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Problems with "problem behavior": A secondary systematic review of intervention research on transition-age autistic youth.

In a previous study, we looked at research done on strategies to support autistic people who were between 14 and 22 years old. For this study, we looked at all of the studies in our previous study that tried to decrease or stop autistic people from doing certain things-many researchers call these things "problem behavior." There were 48 studies that tried to reduce problem behavior, and most of them used strategies like prompting and reinforcement to try get autistic people to change their behavior.

A Cross-Cultural Examination of Blatant and Subtle Dehumanization of Autistic People.

Purpose: This cross-cultural study examined various domains of dehumanization, including both blatant (viewing autistic people as animal-like, child-like, or machine-like) and subtle (denying agency and experience capabilities) dehumanization, of autistic individuals by Koreans and Americans.

Methods: A total of 404 Koreans and 229 Americans participated in an online survey, assessing blatant and subtle dehumanization, knowledge about autism, stigma toward and contact with autistic people, cultural factors, and demographic information. Robust linear mixed-effects regressions were conducted to examine the impact of the target group (autistic vs.

Prioritization of research engaged with rare disease stakeholders: a systematic review and thematic analysis.

Background: Although rare diseases (RD) are increasingly becoming a priority for healthcare activities and services around the world, developing research policy for investigating RD in public settings proves challenging due to the limited nature of existing evidence. Rare conditions require the involvement of a wide range of stakeholders in order to promote general awareness and garner political support. Consequently, it is critically important to identify trends in the various types of research focusing on rare disease stakeholders, including the specific topics or issues to be included in surveys and studies focused on RD stakeholders.

Time to level up: A systematic review of interventions aiming to reduce stigma toward autistic people.

How non-autistic people think about autistic people impacts autistic people negatively. Many studies developed trainings to reduce autism stigma. The existing trainings vary a lot in terms of study design, content, and reported effectiveness.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Tuberculosis and HIV services in Ghana: An interrupted time series analysis.

Introduction: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) burden, coupled with unprecedented control measures including physical distancing, travel bans, and lockdowns of cities, implemented to stop the spread of the virus, have undoubtedly far-reaching aftereffects on other diseases. In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), a particular worry is the potential impact on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB), as a consequence of possible disruption to health services and limiting access to needed life-saving health care. In Ghana, there is a paucity of information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on disease control, particularly TB and HIV control.

Influence of Basic Health Care Provision Fund in improving primary Health Care in Kano state, a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Background: The Basic Health Care Provision Fund (BHCPF) is a direct financial investment that funds Primary Healthcare (PHC) to improve the quality of services. This study assessed the influence of the BHCPF in improving PHC services.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among PHC workers in 100 facilities randomly selected from the 484 designated PHCs for implementing the BHCPF project in Kano state.

Explicit stigma and implicit biases toward autism in South Korea versus the United States.

How people report their feelings about autism may be different from how they actually think about autism because some people may not want to reveal their true feelings. People who value the group's goal tend to present themselves as more socially acceptable than people who value one person's interests. We studied how people in South Korea and the United States report their feelings about autism and think about autism.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between primarily non-autistic people's characteristics and attitudes toward autistic people.

This systematic review includes a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of research on the associations between primarily non-autistic people's characteristics and their attitudes toward autistic people. Of 47 studies included in the narrative synthesis, White undergraduate students were surveyed most frequently. Demographic characteristics were the factors most frequently tested for associations with attitudes, followed by contact-related factors (i.

An evaluation of intervention research for transition-age autistic youth.

In this study, we assess the quality of intervention research that focuses on autistic youth who are 14-22 years old. We found 193 different studies on this topic, and carefully reviewed them. Most of these studies tested strategies that were behavioral.

Do Autistic People's Support Needs and Non-Autistic People's Support for the Neurodiversity Movement Contribute to Heightened Autism Stigma in South Korea vs. the US?

We examined stigma towards vignette characters representing diverse autistic characteristics (social, non-speaking, or repetitive interests or restricted behaviors; RIRB) among 259 South Korean and 240 American participants (age range = 18 ~ 74). Within each domain, participants were randomized to read a vignette depicting low or high support needs. Koreans reported greater stigma towards autistic characteristics and less awareness of and support for the neurodiversity movement than Americans.

Feasibility of Capturing Adverse Events From Insurance Claims Data Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Codes Coupled to Present on Admission Indicators.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of using administrative data to screen adverse events in Korea.

Methods: We used a diagnosis-related groups claims data set and the information of the checklist of healthcare quality improvement (a part of the value incentive program) to verify adverse events in fiscal year 2018. Adverse events were identified using patient safety indicator (PSI) clusters and a present on admission indicator (POA).

Effect of online education on the knowledge on, attitudes towards, and skills in patient safety for nursing students in Korea: a mixed-methods study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of synchronous online education on the patient safety competency (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) of nursing students in Korea and to explore what they thought about this educational method.

Methods: A single-group pre-and post-test design and summative content analysis were implemented. On November 14th, 2020, 110 nursing students completed synchronous online patient safety education.

Interactions between bacteria and nano (micro)-sized polystyrene particles by bacterial responses and microscopy.

Microorganisms play an important role in biogeochemical cycles, and are inevitably found associated with plastic debris. The interplay between microbes and plastics may change the characteristics of certain plastics over time and drive the environmental fate of plastics. In this study, we evaluated interactions of bacteria with nano- and microplastics.

Mechanisms by which Early Eye Gaze to the Mouth During Multisensory Speech Influences Expressive Communication Development in Infant Siblings of Children with and without Autism.

Looking to the mouth of a talker early in life predicts expressive communication. We hypothesized that looking at a talker's mouth may signal that infants are ready for increased supported joint engagement and that it subsequently facilitates prelinguistic vocal development and translates to broader gains in expressive communication. We tested this hypothesis in 50 infants aged 6-18 months with heightened and general population-level likelihood of autism diagnosis (Sibs-autism and Sibs-NA; respectively).

Breastfeeding and weaning practices among mothers in Ghana: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Children need good nutrition to develop proper immune mechanisms and psychosocial maturity, but malnutrition can affect their ability to realize this. Apart from the national demographic and health survey, which is carried out every 5 years, there have not been enough documented studies on child breastfeeding and weaning practices of caregivers in the Volta Region. We, therefore, examined child breastfeeding and weaning practices of mothers in the Volta Region of Ghana.

Sequence organization of autistic children's play with caregivers: Rethinking follow-in directives.

In this article we use a qualitative method, conversation analysis, to examine videos of caregivers interacting with their young autistic children who are in the early phases of language learning. Conversation analysis involves preparation of detailed transcripts of video data, which are then analyzed together to understand how interactional moves (e.g.