Plant U-box E3 ligases PUB20 and PUB21 negatively regulate pattern-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis.

Plant U-box E3 ligases PUB20 and PUB21 are flg22-triggered signaling components and negatively regulate immune responses. Plant U-box proteins (PUBs) constitute a class of E3 ligases that are associated with various stress responses. Among the class IV PUBs featuring C-terminal Armadillo (ARM) repeats, PUB20 and PUB21 are closely related homologs.

Sorafenib for 9,923 Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Analysis from National Health Insurance Claim Data in South Korea.

Background/aims: Sorafenib is the standard of care in the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics, treatment patterns and outcomes of sorafenib among HCC patients in South Korea.

Methods: This population-based retrospective, single-arm, observational study used the Korean National Health Insurance database to identify patients with HCC who received sorafenib between July 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014.

A Simple and Rapid Methicillin-Resistant (MRSA) Screening Test Using a Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL)-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticle Probe.

Rapid diagnosis of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is essential for guiding clinical treatment and preventing the spread of MRSA infections. Herein, we present a simple and rapid MRSA screening test based on the aggregation effect of mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNP), called the MRSA probe. Recombinant MBL protein is a member of the lectin family and part of the innate immune system.

RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 Positively Regulate the Expression of Gene and Pattern-Triggered Immunity.

The importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases from different families for plant immune signaling has been confirmed. Plant RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are members of the E3 ligase superfamily and have been shown to play positive or negative roles during the regulation of various steps of plant immunity. Here, we present Arabidopsis RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 which act as positive regulators of flg22- and SA-mediated defense signaling.

Jasmonate regulates plant resistance to by inducing indole glucosinolate biosynthesis.

() is a necrotrophic bacterium that causes the soft rot disease in . However, the mechanisms underlying plant immune responses against necrotrophic bacterial pathogens with a broad host range are still not well understood. Using a flg22-triggered seedling growth inhibition (SGI) assay with 455 inbred lines, we selected six flagellin-insensitive lines (fin2-7) and three flagellin-sensitive lines (fs1-3).

Early Defense Mechanisms of in Response to Attack by pv. .

Black rot disease, caused by pv. (), results in significant yield losses in crops worldwide. To find black rot disease-resistant cabbage lines, we carried out pathogenicity assays using the scissor-clipping method in 94 different lines.

Comparative Transcriptome-Based Mining of Senescence-Related MADS, NAC, and WRKY Transcription Factors in the Rapid-Senescence Line DLS-91 of .

Leaf senescence is a developmental process induced by various molecular and environmental stimuli that may affect crop yield. The dark-induced leaf senescence-91 (DLS-91) plants displayed rapid leaf senescence, dramatically decreased chlorophyll contents, low photochemical efficiencies, and upregulation of the senescence-associated marker gene . To understand DLS molecular mechanism, we examined transcriptomic changes in DLS-91 and control line DLS-42 following 0, 1, and 4 days of dark treatment (DDT) stages.

A rapid quantitative on-site coronavirus disease 19 serological test.

On-site severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) serological assays allow for timely in-field decisions to be made regarding patient status, also enabling population-wide screening to assist in controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here we propose a rapid microfluidic serological assay with two unique functions of nanointerstice filling and digitized flow control, which enable the fast/robust filling of the sample fluid as well as precise regulation of duration and volume of immune reaction. Developed microfluidic assay showed enhanced limit of detection, and 91.

Xanthine-derived metabolites enhance chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons and seedling growth during nitrogen deficient condition in .

Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a main environmental factor that induces early senescence. Cotyledons provide an important N source during germination and early seedling development. In this study, we observed that N deficient condition enhanced gene expression involved in purine catabolism in cotyledons of Chinese cabbage ( ssp.

Rapid and highly sensitive pathogen detection by real-time DNA monitoring using a nanogap impedimetric sensor with recombinase polymerase amplification.

Fast detection of pathogens is important for protecting our health and society. Herein, we present a high-performance nanogap impedimetric sensor for monitoring nucleic acid amplification in real time using isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for rapid pathogen detection. The nanogap electrode chip has two pairs of opposing gold electrodes with a 100 nm gap and was fixed to a PCB.

Walnut consumption and cardiac phenotypes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Background And Aims: Observational studies and clinical trials have shown cardiovascular benefits of nut consumption, including walnuts. However, the relations of walnut consumption with systolic and diastolic function, risk factors for heart failure, are unknown. We examined the associations of walnut consumption with cardiac structure and function parameters in black and white adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Red Chinese Cabbage Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Structural Genes and Multiple Transcription Factors Regulating Reddish Purple Color.

Reddish purple Chinese cabbage (RPCC) is a popular variety of (AA = 20). It is rich in anthocyanins, which have many health benefits. We detected novel anthocyanins including cyanidin 3-(feruloyl) diglucoside-5-(malonoyl) glucoside and pelargonidin 3-(caffeoyl) diglucoside-5-(malonoyl) glucoside in RPCC.

Simple, rapid, and accurate malaria diagnostic platform using microfluidic-based immunoassay of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase.

This work reports on a rapid diagnostic platform for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH), a representative malaria biomarker, using a microfluidic microplate-based immunoassay. In this study, the microfluidic microplate made it possible to diagnose PfLDH with a small volume of sample (only 5 μL) and short time (< 90 min) compared to conventional immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the diagnostic performance of PfLDH showed high sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity (i.

Specific FRET Probe-Based Antibacterial Susceptibility Testing (SF-AST) by Detection of Micrococcal Nuclease Activity.

In this study, we describe a simple and rapid antibacterial susceptibility testing (AST) method for called specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe-based AST (SF-AST), which is based on an specific FRET probe (SF probe) that detects micrococcal nuclease (MNase) activity secreted from . The SF-AST was tested with an quality control (QC) strain against six relevant antibiotics, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained with the broth microdilution (BMD) method were compared, as a gold standard AST. Results were obtained with high accuracy in 4-6 h.

Fine-mapping of a major QTL (Fwr1) for fusarium wilt resistance in radish.

A major radish QTL (Fwr1) for fusarium wilt resistance was fine-mapped. Sequence and expression analyses suggest that a gene encoding a serine/arginine-rich protein kinase is a candidate gene for Fwr1. Fusarium wilt resistance locus 1 (Fwr1) is a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) mediating the resistance of radish inbred line 'B2' to Fusarium oxysporum, which is responsible for fusarium wilt.

FRET probe-based antibacterial susceptibility testing (F-AST) by detection of bacterial nucleases released by antibiotic-induced lysis.

This study demonstrates a novel and rapid antibacterial susceptibility testing (AST) method, called fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe-based AST (F-AST), which relies on a nuclease-activated FRET probe that detects bacterial nucleases released by antibiotic-induced bacterial lysis. Three quality control (QC) strains and two additional clinically important strains were tested, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from both gold standard AST method (broth microdilution (BMD)) and the new F-AST method were compared. The resulting fluorescence signals from the F-AST method were obtained within 3-6 h and were consistent with MIC values obtained from the BMD method, which took more than 16 h.

Multivalent Antibody-Nanoparticle Conjugates To Enhance the Sensitivity of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassays.

Multivalent immunoprobes can improve the sensitivity of biosensors because increased valency can strengthen the binding affinity between the receptor and target biomolecules. Here, we report surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassays using multivalent antibody-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs) for the first time. Multivalent antibodies were generated through the ligation of Fab fragments fused with Fc-binding peptides to immunoglobulin G.

Comparison of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Childhood Autism Rating Scale in the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study.

Objectives: We examined the agreement between the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.

Methods: The ADOS and CARS scores of 78 children were retrospectively collected from a chart review. A correlation analysis was performed to examine the concurrent validity between the two measures.

An Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene from sp. Confers Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco.

salt-responsive gene 1 () was engineered for expression in higher plants, and gene construction was stably incorporated into tobacco plants. We investigated the role of Sysr1 [a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) superfamily] by examining the salt tolerance of -overexpressing (-OX) tobacco plants using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and bioassays. The -OX plants exhibited considerably increased ADH activity and tolerance to salt stress conditions.

NPR1 is Instrumental in Priming for the Enhanced flg22-induced MPK3 and MPK6 Activation.

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), essential components of plant defense signaling. Salicylic acid (SA) is also central to plant resistance responses, but its specific role in regulation of MAPK activation is not completely defined. We have investigated the role of SA in PAMP-triggered MAPKs pathways in Arabidopsis SA-related mutants, specifically in the flg22-triggered activation of MPK3 and MPK6.

A scanometric antibody probe for facile and sensitive immunoassays.

We have developed a novel scanometric antibody probe for rapid, sensitive, and naked-eye-visible immunoassays. Using this probe, we clearly demonstrated the successful scanometric detection and identification of influenza A viruses on a microarray. In addition, the sensitivity of the scanometric immunoassay was comparable to that of the fluorescence-based method.

How does SA signaling link the Flg22 responses?

Salicylic acid (SA) has a central role in activating plant resistance to pathogens. SA levels increase in plant tissue following pathogen infection and exogenous SA enhances resistance to a broad range of pathogens. To study the relevance of the SA signaling in the flg22 response, we investigated the responses of SA-related mutants to flg22, a 22-amino acid peptide of the flagellin bacterial protein.

The activated SA and JA signaling pathways have an influence on flg22-triggered oxidative burst and callose deposition.

The first line of defense in plants against pathogens is induced by the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP). Perception of bacterial flagellin (flg22) by the pattern recognition receptor flagellin-sensing 2 (FLS2) is the best characterized MAMP response, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we studied the relationship between salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and FLS2-mediated signaling by monitoring flg22-triggered responses in known SA or JA related mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.

Screening of tissue-specific genes and promoters in tomato by comparing genome wide expression profiles of Arabidopsis orthologues.

Constitutive overexpression of transgenes occasionally interferes with normal growth and developmental processes in plants. Thus, the development of tissue-specific promoters that drive transgene expression has become agriculturally important. To identify tomato tissue-specific promoters, tissue-specific genes were screened using a series of in silico-based and experimental procedures, including genome-wide orthologue searches of tomato and Arabidopsis databases, isolation of tissue-specific candidates using an Arabidopsis microarray database, and validation of tissue specificity by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and promoter assay.