Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus with anti-programmed cell death-1 therapy.

Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies are regarded as a risk factor for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as a side-effect. While a small number of cases have been reported, evidence remains limited. This is the first report of an Asian patient developing insulin-dependent diabetes during anti-PD-1 therapy.

Serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are inversely associated with the number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in apparently healthy subjects.

Objectives: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to participate in the process of vascular repair, thus playing a protective role against cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is known that atherosclerotic risk factors could affect EPC number and function. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as well.

The p66shc gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes is increased in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: The p66(shc) protein has been shown to control cellular responses to oxidative stress, being involved in atherosclerosis in animal models. However, the relationship between the p66(shc) gene expression levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans remains unknown. In this study, we examined whether the p66(shc) gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) was increased in patients with CAD, compared with age- and sex-matched subjects without CAD.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits diabetes- or advanced glycation end product (AGE)-induced platelet CD40 ligand overexpression in rats.

The formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been known to progress under hyperglycemic conditions, thereby being involved in accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes. We have recently found that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a glycoprotein with potent neuronal cell differentiating activity, could play a protective role against cardiovascular disease (CVD) by attenuating the deleterious effects of AGEs. Although there is a growing body of evidence that inhibition of platelet CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing CVD, effects of PEDF on platelet CD40L expression remain to be elucidated.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF): its potential therapeutic implication in diabetic vascular complications.

Diabetic micro- and macroangiopathies are leading causes of acquired blindness, end-stage renal failure and accelerated atherosclerosis, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in patients with diabetes. Recent large landmark clinical studies have shown that intensive control of blood glucose or blood pressure (BP) reduces the risk for vascular complications in diabetes. However, the strict control of blood glucose or BP is often difficult to maintain, and current therapeutic options are far from satisfactory.

Inhibitors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs): potential utility for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Accelerated atherosclerosis and microvascular complications are the leading causes of coronary heart disease, stroke, blindness, and end-stage renal failure, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in patients with diabetes. Recent clinical studies have substantiated the concept of "hyperglycemic memory" in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes. Indeed, the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial-Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT-EDIC) Research, has revealed that intensive therapy during the DCCT reduces the risk of cardiovascular events by about 50% in type 1 diabetic patients 11 years after the end of the trial.