Real-world Outcomes of Durvalumab Consolidation in Elderly Patients With Unresectable NSCLC Following CCRT With Daily Low-dose Carboplatin.

Background/aim: The clinical benefits of durvalumab consolidation therapy following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with daily low-dose carboplatin in elderly patients with unresectable, locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear.

Patients And Methods: This was a single-institution retrospective cohort study. We analyzed the medical records of consecutive patients diagnosed with NSCLC who received CCRT with daily low-dose carboplatin from April 2014 to March 2021.

Genomic insights into molecular profiling of thymic carcinoma: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Thymic carcinoma is an exceptionally rare cancer, with an annual incidence of just 0.15-0.29 per 100,000 people.

PCDHGC3 hypermethylation as a potential biomarker of intestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) encompass tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells in various organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, adrenal gland, and paraganglia. Despite advancements, accurately predicting the aggressiveness of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NENs based solely on pathological data remains challenging, thereby limiting optimal clinical management. Our previous research unveiled a crucial link between hypermethylation of the protocadherin PCDHGC3 gene and neuroendocrine tumors originating from the paraganglia and adrenal medulla.

Galectin-10 in serum extracellular vesicles reflects asthma pathophysiology.

Background: Novel biomarkers (BMs) are urgently needed for bronchial asthma (BA) with various phenotypes and endotypes.

Objective: We sought to identify novel BMs reflecting tissue pathology from serum extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Methods: We performed data-independent acquisition of serum EVs from 4 healthy controls, 4 noneosinophilic asthma (NEA) patients, and 4 eosinophilic asthma (EA) patients to identify novel BMs for BA.

Balloon Dilatation for Bronchoscope Delivery in a Swine Model: A Novel Technique for Ultra-Peripheral Lung Field Access and Accurate Biopsy.

Introduction: In transbronchial biopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions, the bronchoscope can reach only a limited depth due to the progressive narrowing of bronchi, which may reduce the diagnostic rate. This study examined the balloon dilatation for bronchoscope delivery (BDBD) technique, employing a novel balloon device to enhance bronchoscopy into the peripheral lung areas.

Methods: Anaesthetised swine served as our primary model.

An integrative epigenomic approach identifies ELF3 as an oncogenic regulator in ASCL1-positive neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a highly aggressive subtype of the neuroendocrine tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. We have previously conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of over 100 cases of NEC of the gastrointestinal system (GIS-NEC) and unraveled its unique and organ-specific genomic drivers. However, the epigenomic features of GIS-NEC remain unexplored.

Proposal of a novel pipeline involving precise bronchoscopy of distal peripheral pulmonary lesions for genetic testing.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become increasingly more important for lung cancer management. We now expect biopsies to be sensitive, safe, and yielding sufficient samples for NGS. In this study, we propose ultraselective biopsy (USB) with sample volume adjustment (SVA) as a novel method that integrates an ultrathin bronchoscope, radial probe endobronchial ultrasound, and the direct oblique method for ultraselective navigation, and adjustment of sample volume for NGS.

Leucine-rich a-2 glycoprotein as a potential biomarker of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease with pulmonary involvement: a single-center case-control study from Japan.

Background: There are no known biomarkers for monitoring disease activity in idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) with pulmonary involvement. We investigated the utility of serum leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein levels, which reflects interleukin 6 independent inflammatory change, for monitoring disease activity in patients with idiopathic MCD with pulmonary involvement.

Methods: We retrospectively examined cases of idiopathic MCD diagnosed at Osaka University Hospital.

The superiority of manual over automated methods in identifying bronchial trees on identical CT images.

The purpose of this study was to compare a manual bronchoscopic navigation technique, the direct oblique method (DOM), with conventional virtual bronchoscopic navigation software in terms of bronchial identification ability involving reconstruction of a whole bronchial tree from identical CT images. A whole bronchial tree was drawn using manual bronchial recognition with the DOM. The tree was compared with that reconstructed by SYNAPSE VINCENT bronchoscopic navigation-dedicated software.

Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Gastrointestinal System.

Unlabelled: The neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastrointestinal system (GIS-NEC) is a rare but highly malignant neoplasm. We analyzed 115 cases using whole-genome/exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, DNA methylation assays, and/or ATAC-seq and found GIS-NECs to be genetically distinct from neuroendocrine tumors (GIS-NET) in the same location. Clear genomic differences were also evident between pancreatic NECs (Panc-NEC) and nonpancreatic GIS-NECs (Nonpanc-NEC).

A case of successful concurrent anti-cancer treatment in a patient who developed follicular lymphoma during treatment with afatinib for advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

The present report describes the case of a 64-year-old woman with advanced lung adenocarcinoma expressing mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The patient developed follicular lymphoma during treatment with the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib. Standard immunochemotherapy for follicular lymphoma was introduced in addition to continuing treatment with afatinib for lung cancer.

Paradoxical response in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer who received nivolumab followed by anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents.

Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) agents enhance the antitumor immunoresponse. A number of reports have indicated that patients with malignancies who receive anti-PD-1 agents are at risk for tuberculosis (TB) infection. In this report, we present a patient with non-small cell lung cancer who developed pulmonary tuberculosis while receiving the anti-PD-1 agent nivolumab, and who subsequently demonstrated a paradoxical response (PR) 10 days after initiation of anti-MTB treatment.

Impact of Pleural Effusion on Outcomes of Patients Receiving Osimertinib for NSCLC Harboring T790M.

Background/aim: Osimertinib has demonstrated promising efficacy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the efficacy of osimertinib in such patients presenting with pleural effusion, which has been unclear to date.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of all patients treated with osimertinib for advanced NSCLC with EGFR T790M between April 2016 and July 2017 at our Institution were retrospectively reviewed.

Skin Rash Can Be a Useful Marker for Afatinib Efficacy.

Background/aim: Although afatinib has a strong efficacy, it can be toxic; hence, we aimed to determine markers of response to afatinib in order to assess prognosis.

Patients And Methods: Information on clinical background, therapeutic effects, and adverse events was collected retrospectively at one Institution from patients treated with afatinib as initial epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). We examined the relationship between different adverse events and their effects on prognosis.

Carboplatin plus weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in elderly patients with previously untreated advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer selected based on Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form scores: a multicenter phase 2 study.

Purpose: This multicenter, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study assessed the efficacy and safety of carboplatin plus weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in elderly patients with previously untreated advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer, selected based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form scores (MNA-SF).

Methods: Patients received carboplatin (area under the curve: 6) on Day 1, and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (100 mg/m) on Days 1, 8, and 15, every 28 days for ≤4 cycles. Eligibility criteria included an MNA-SF score of ≥8 points.