Online citizen sciences reveal natural enemies and new occurrence data of Fujie, Shimizu & Maeto, 2021 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae).

Background: Citizen science is a research approach that involves collaboration between professional scientists and non-professional volunteers. The utilisation of recent online citizen-science platforms (e.g.

A New Distinctive Darwin Wasp Represents the First Record of the Species-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) from Japan and the Far East, with an Analysis of DNA Barcode-based Species Delimitation in .

A new Darwin wasp species, Shimizu sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), is described using the integrated morphological and molecular species delimitation approaches.

Mechanisms of preferential bone formation in myeloma bone lesions by proteasome inhibitors.

Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) can preferentially restore bone in bone-defective lesions of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who respond favorably to these drugs. Most prior in vitro studies on PIs used continuous exposure to low PI concentrations, although pharmacokinetic analysis in patients has shown that serum concentrations of PIs change in a pulsatile manner. In the present study, we explored the effects of pulsatile treatment with PIs on bone metabolism to simulate in vivo PI pharmacokinetics.

The Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Suppresses Adipogenesis and Activates Nrf2.

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in purine catabolism that acts as a novel regulator of adipogenesis. In pathological states, xanthine oxidoreductase activity increases to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical inducer of antioxidants, which is bound and repressed by a kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) in the cytoplasm.

TGF-β-activated kinase-1 inhibitor LL-Z1640-2 reduces joint inflammation and bone destruction in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome, TACE, TNF-α and RANKL expression.

Objectives: Aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which may contribute to debilitating inflammation and bone destruction. Here, we explored the efficacy of the potent TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) inhibitor LL-Z1640-2 (LLZ) on joint inflammation and bone destruction in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

Methods: LL-Z1640-2 was administered every other day in CIA mice.

Surgical Orthodontic Treatment of Skeletal Mandibular Protrusion with Multiple Impacted Ankylosed Teeth Treated with Alveolar Corticotomy.

Aim: To present a case of skeletal mandibular protrusion with multiple impacted ankylosed teeth, which were treated with conventional orthognathic surgery and alveolar corticotomy, respectively.

Background: Tooth ankylosis is characterized by the fusion of a root surface with the surrounding alveolar bone. Various treatment modalities for tooth ankylosis have been developed and are used commonly in the clinic.

Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan.

The predominantly tropical ophionine genus Stephens, 1835 is one of the largest genera of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), with more than 700 extant species worldwide that are usually crepuscular or nocturnal and are parasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae. In the present study, the Japanese species of are revised using an integrative approach (combined morphology and DNA barcoding). On the basis of 3,110 specimens, 47 species are recognised in Japan, eight of which are new species ( Shimizu, , Shimizu, , Shimizu, , Shimizu, , Shimizu, , Shimizu, , Shimizu, , and Shimizu, ), seven are new records from Japan ( Tang, 1990, (Enderlein, 1921), Chiu, 1954, , Tang, 1990, Cushman, 1937, (Smith, 1858), and Chiu, 1954, ), 32 had already been recorded in Japan; three ( Townes, Townes & Gupta, 1961, (Morley, 1912), and (Gravenhorst, 1829)) have been erroneously recorded from Japan based on misidentifications, and four names that were previously on the Japanese list are deleted through synonymy.

Dicamptus Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) from Vietnam.

A new species of Darwin wasp of the genus Dicamptus Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), D. curvus Pham, Matsumoto Shimizu sp. nov.

TAK1 is a pivotal therapeutic target for tumor progression and bone destruction in myeloma.

Along with the tumor progression, the bone marrow microenvironment is skewed in multiple myeloma (MM), which underlies the unique pathophysiology of MM and confers aggressiveness and drug resistance in MM cells. TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) mediates a wide range of intracellular signaling pathways. We demonstrate here that TAK1 is constitutively overexpressed and phosphorylated in MM cells, and that TAK1 inhibition suppresses the activation of NF-κB, p38MAPK, ERK and STAT3 to decrease the expression of critical mediators for MM growth and survival, including PIM2, MYC, Mcl-1, IRF4, and Sp1, along with a substantial reduction in the angiogenic factor VEGF in MM cells.

A new species and a key to world species of the flavipes species-group of the genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from Japan.

A new species of microgastrine parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Cotesia testacea Fujie, Shimizu Fernandez-Triana sp. nov., is described from Japan and Korea.

A new synonym for Enicospilus grammospilus (Enderlein, 1921) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae).

The megadiverse genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae) comprises over 700 valid species worldwide (e.g. Gauld Mitchell, 1981; Broad Shaw, 2016; Shimizu, 2017).

Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution.

We revise the Taiwanese species of the ophionine genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901. As a result, three species, including a new species, are recognized. Two of them were identified as L.

Recognition of the genus Habrocampulum Gauld, 1976 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) from Japan, with a new combination and a key to the species.

Recognition of the genus Habrocampulum Gauld, 1976 (Hymenoptera:Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) from Japan, with a new combination and a key to the species.

Discovery of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901, from Japan and the Palaearctic region, with description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae).

The genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901, which belongs to the subfamily Ophioninae Shuckard, 1840, is recorded from Japan and the Palaearctic region for the first time based on two new species, L. parvus sp. nov.

Application of chaotic dynamics in a recurrent neural network to control: hardware implementation into a novel autonomous roving robot.

Originating from a viewpoint that complex/chaotic dynamics would play an important role in biological system including brains, chaotic dynamics introduced in a recurrent neural network was applied to control. The results of computer experiment was successfully implemented into a novel autonomous roving robot, which can only catch rough target information with uncertainty by a few sensors. It was employed to solve practical two-dimensional mazes using adaptive neural dynamics generated by the recurrent neural network in which four prototype simple motions are embedded.