Establishment of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Pediatric Neck CT at Nine University Hospitals in South Korea.

Objective: To establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for pediatric neck CT based on age, weight, and water-equivalent diameter (WED) across multiple university hospitals in South Korea.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed pediatric neck CT examinations from nine university hospitals, involving patients aged 0-18 years. Data were categorized by age, weight, and WED, and radiation dose metrics, including volume CT dose index (CTDI) and dose length product, were recorded.

Improving Reproducibility of Volumetric Evaluation Using Computed Tomography in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease.

The volumetric data obtained from the cardiac CT scan of congenital heart disease patients is important for defining patient's status and making decision for proper management. The objective of this study is to evaluate the intra-observer, inter-observer, and interstudy reproducibility of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) or functional single-ventricle (FSV) volume. And compared those between manual and using semi-automated segmentation tool.

Assessment of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) on image quality in pediatric cardiac CT datasets type of manuscript: Original research.

Bakground: To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative image quality using deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) of pediatric cardiac computed tomography (CT) compared with conventional image reconstruction methods.

Methods: Between January 2020 and December 2022, 109 pediatric cardiac CT scans were included in this study. The CT scans were reconstructed using an adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASiR-V) with a blending factor of 80% and three levels of DLIR with TrueFidelity (low-, medium-, and high-strength settings).

Single-center 10-year retrospective analysis of Amplatzer Vascular Plug 4 embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations with feeding arteries of <6 mm.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Amplatzer Vascular Plug 4 (AVP4) embolization in pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) with small- to medium-sized feeding arteries (<6 mm) and to identify factors affecting persistence and the main persistence patterns after embolization.

Methods: Between June 2013 and February 2023, we retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with 217 treated PAVMs. We included PAVMs with feeding arteries <6 mm, treated with AVP4 embolization, and followed adequately with computed tomography (CT).

Efficacy of Bronchial Artery Embolization for Clinically Suspected Bronchial Dieulafoy's Disease.

Background: The efficacy of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for bronchial Dieulafoy's disease (BDD) has not been well established.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BAE in patients with clinically suspected BDD presenting with major hemoptysis, and to describe angiographic findings.

Methods: 17 patients (all men; mean age, 53.

Response Prediction after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer Using CT Tumor Regression Grade: A Preliminary Study.

Purpose: To investigate whether CT-based tumor regression grade (ctTRG) can be used to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in colon cancer.

Materials And Methods: A total of 53 patients were enrolled. Two radiologists independently assessed the ctTRG using the length, thickness, layer pattern, and luminal and extraluminal appearance of the tumor.

Diagnostic performance of synthetic relaxometry for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants: a feasibility study.

Objectives: To investigate the predictability of synthetic relaxometry for neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants and to evaluate whether a combination of relaxation times with clinical variables or qualitative MRI abnormalities improves the predictive performance.

Methods: This retrospective study included 33 premature infants scanned with synthetic MRI near or at term equivalent age. Based on neurodevelopmental assessments at 18-24 months of corrected age, infants were classified into two groups (no/mild disability [n = 23] vs.

Infliximab trough levels are associated with endoscopic healing but not with transmural healing at one year treatment with infliximab in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease.

Introduction: It is well known that infliximab (IFX) trough levels (TLs) are associated with endoscopic healing (EH) in Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated whether IFX TLs are associated with transmural healing (TH) in pediatric patients with CD following 1-year treatment.

Methods: Pediatric patients with CD treated with IFX were included in this single-center prospective study.

Ultrasound-guided lung biopsy for small (≤2 cm) subpleural lung lesions: comparison of diagnostic yield and safety with larger lesions.

Background: Ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) has been used to diagnose subpleural lung lesions with high diagnostic performance and acceptable complication rates. However, with regard to the role of US-guided needle biopsy for the diagnosis of small (≤2 cm) subpleural lesions, limited information is available.

Methods: From April 2011 to October 2021, a total of 572 US-guided PCNBs in 572 patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Adaptation of Deep Learning Image Reconstruction for Pediatric Head CT: A Focus on the Image Quality.

Purpose: To assess the effect of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) for head CT in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: We collected 126 pediatric head CT images, which were reconstructed using filtered back projection, iterative reconstruction using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR)-V, and all three levels of DLIR (TrueFidelity; GE Healthcare). Each image set group was divided into four subgroups according to the patients' ages.

Feasibility of Pediatric Low-Dose Facial CT Reconstructed with Filtered Back Projection Using Adequate Kernels.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of pediatric low-dose facial CT reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) using adequate kernels.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and imaging data of children aged < 10 years who underwent facial CT at our emergency department. The patients were divided into two groups: low-dose CT (LDCT; Group A, = 73) with a fixed 80-kVp tube potential and automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) and standard-dose CT (SDCT; Group B, = 40) with a fixed 120-kVp tube potential and ATCM.

Prevalence of Incidentally Detected Spondylolysis in Children.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of incidentally detected lumbar spondylolysis in children.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 809 patients under the age of 11 years (mean age, 7.0 ± 2.

Transmural healing evaluated by magnetic resonance enterography in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease receiving maintenance treatment with biologics.

Background: The optimal treatment goal in Crohn's disease (CD) is endoscopic healing (EH). However, transmural healing (TH) facilitated by the development and increasing performance of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is emerging as a potential treatment goal.

Aims: To assess TH rates after 1 year of treatment by MRE and its relationship with EH in paediatric patients with CD receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents, and to investigate factors associated with TH after 1 year of treatment.

Metanephrine negative pheochromocytoma: a rare case report of dopamine-secreting tumor in an adolescent neurofibromatosis type 1 patient.

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) occurs in 4% of pediatric neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients and is characterized by epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion. Herein, we report the first case of dopamine-secreting PCC in a 13-year-old patient with NF1. A left adrenal mass was incidentally found on abdominal computed tomography (CT ) during hypertension workup.

Development of Spinal Tuberculosis in an Adolescent With Crohn's Disease After Infliximab Therapy: A Case Report With Literature Review.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) spondylitis, also known as Pott's disease, is a severe form of extrapulmonary TB. Infliximab treatment for Crohn's disease (CD) patients increases the risk of TB, and is likely to increase the risk of TB spondylitis as well.

Case Presentation: We report a rare case of TB spondylitis development in a 16-year-old female with CD.

Case Report: Development of Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in an Adolescent With Ulcerative Colitis Mimicking Pancreatic Cancer.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is typically responsive to corticosteroid treatment. We report a case of a 17-year-old male diagnosed with ulcerative colitis who subsequently developed acute pancreatitis. Blood tests demonstrated elevated pancreatic enzyme levels of amylase (1319 U/L) and lipase (809 U/L).

Incidentally Detected Asymptomatic Perianal Abscess in an Adolescent during Crohn's Disease Diagnosis: Is Routine Pelvic Imaging Required in Korean Pediatric Patients at Diagnosis?

Perianal fistulizing diseases, namely perianal fistulas and/or abscesses, are well-known complications of Crohn's disease (CD). These are known to develop more frequently in Asian children with CD, especially in the early stages of the disease course. Approximately half of the pediatric CD cases in Korea present with perianal fistulizing diseases at diagnosis.

Clinical adaptation of synthetic MRI-based whole brain volume segmentation in children at 3 T: comparison with modified SPM segmentation methods.

Purpose: To validate the use of synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) volumetry by comparing with child-optimized SPM 12 volumetry in 3 T pediatric neuroimaging.

Methods: In total, 106 children aged 4.7-18.

Blinatumomab-related pneumatosis intestinalis in a pediatric patient with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report.

Introduction: Pneumatosis intestinalis is characterized by air in the subserosal or submucosal layer of the intestine, with the severity ranging from mild and asymptomatic to symptomatic with serious conditions such as intestinal ischemia and perforation requiring surgery. Although several etiologies, including those from conventional chemotherapy agents and molecular target agents, have been suggested, blinatumomab-related pneumatosis intestinalis is quite rare.

Case Report: An 11-year-old girl with history of B-cell ALL presented with bone marrow relapse 3 years after completion of initial chemotherapy.

Establishment of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels of Pediatric Abdominopelvic and Chest CT Examinations Based on the Body Weight and Size in Korea.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to analyze the radiation doses for pediatric abdominopelvic and chest CT examinations from university hospitals in Korea and to establish the local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) based on the body weight and size.

Materials And Methods: At seven university hospitals in Korea, 2494 CT examinations of patients aged 15 years or younger (1625 abdominopelvic and 869 chest CT examinations) between January and December 2017 were analyzed in this study. CT scans were transferred to commercial automated dose management software for the analysis after being de-identified.

Clinical brightening efficacy and safety of Melasolv™ (3,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamate thymol ester, TCTE) in Southeast Asian women.

Background: Skin darkening because of increased and irregular synthesis of melanin causes melasma, solar lentigo, and freckles. Melasolv™, produced in the early 2000s, shows potent depigmenting effect and has low cytotoxicity. It has been used as a brightening agent in cosmetics for decades.

Significance of sonographically detected bladder debris in children less than 2 years old with febrile urinary tract infection.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between bladder debris found on renal and bladder ultrasonography (RBUS) and the first febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) episode in children under 2 years old.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of children aged <2 years with the first febrile UTI. We recorded bladder debris on RBUS and other findings (blood test, urinalysis, and urine culture).

[Gastrointestinal Emergencies in Neonates: What We Should Know].

Newborn gastrointestinal tract emergency diseases include various disorders that occur anywhere along the digestive tract. Most of them are congenital malformations, not acquired diseases. Many of them cannot be confirmed on prenatal examination, and consequently, postnatal evaluation is required.