Surgical risk assessment for super-elderly patients.

Aim: Super-elderly patients are often frail and the decision on surgical indications remains a difficult issue. The purpose of this study was to provide a certain preoperative surgical risk assessment tool for super-elderly people.

Methods: We selected 112 individuals who were super-elderly patients aged >90 years who had surgeries under general anesthesia in our department.

Transforming growth factor-beta production and myeloid cells are an effector mechanism through which CD1d-restricted T cells block cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated tumor immunosurveillance: abrogation prevents tumor recurrence.

Our previous work demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated tumor immunosurveillance of the 15-12RM tumor could be suppressed by a CD1d-restricted lymphocyte, most likely a natural killer (NK) T cell, which produces interleukin (IL)-13. Here we present evidence for the effector elements in this suppressive pathway. T cell-reconstituted recombination activating gene (RAG)2 knockout (KO) and RAG2/IL-4 receptor alpha double KO mice showed that inhibition of immunosurveillance requires IL-13 responsiveness by a non-T non-B cell.